Eruptive processes of maar-diatreme volcanoes

这项工作的性质马尔斯火山是地球上第二常见的火山地貌类型，它们的喷发对人和财产都是危险的。在马尔陨石坑的下面是一个地下结构，即由火山碎屑填充的地下结构。金伯利钻石矿可能含有钻石，包括加拿大的几个钻石矿。钻石开采在加拿大是一个价值数十亿美元的行业。因此，火山喷发过程对于从自然灾害角度和经济角度理解火山喷发过程都是重要的。拟议的工作计划将结合(1)对世界上一些最好的火山喷发暴露的详细实地研究，使用现代火山学、地层学和地球化学技术来获得更真实的火山碎屑矿床特征图景，以及(2)实验室规模和野外规模的实验来模拟特定的火山喷发侵位过程，特别是在火山喷发过程中进行的那些过程。这些实验将涉及几个国际合作者，该研究计划将培养四名研究生。为什么这项研究很重要，为火山天文台或民防机构工作的科学家将能够在他们的工作中使用对马亚特雷姆火山更好的理解。经济利益将为加拿大的资源部门带来好处，因为目前研究计划的许多发现将适用于金伯利岩岩浆。了解控制钻石在金伯利岩管道中分布的因素是加拿大钻石采矿业面临的一项根本挑战，这与金伯利岩侵位过程直接相关。当前研究计划产生的新信息将适用于金伯利岩油田，如肯塔基州的科恩堡、西北部的Lac-de-Gras、安大略省的Attawapiskat/Victor或昆士兰的Renard，在那里，它将帮助钻石公司更有效地勘探、评估和开采金伯利岩管道。

NATURE OF THE WORK TO BE DONEMaars are the second most common type of volcanic landform on Earth, and their eruptions are hazardous to people and property. Underneath the maar crater sits a diatreme, i.e. a subterranean structure filled by pyroclastic debris. Kimberlitic diatremes can contain diamonds, including at several Canadian diamond mines. Diamond mining is a multi-billion dollar industry in Canada. Therefore, the eruptive processes of maar-diatreme volcanoes are important to understand both from a natural hazards perspective and an economic standpoint.The proposed work program will combine (1) detailed field studies of some of the best exposures of diatremes in the world, using modern volcanological, stratigraphic and geochemical techniques to obtain a more realistic picture of the characteristics of maar-diatreme pyroclastic deposits, and (2) lab-scale and field-scale experiments to model specific maar-diatreme emplacement processes, especially those going on in the diatreme. The experiments will involve several international collaborators and the research program will train four graduate students. WHY THE RESEARCH IS IMPORTANT scientists working for volcano observatories or civil protection agencies will be able to use the improved understanding of maar-diatreme volcanoes in their work.The economic benefits will be to Canada's resource sector, because many findings of the present research program will be applicable to kimberlitic diatremes. Understanding the factors that control the distribution of diamonds in kimberlite pipes is a fundamental challenge for the Canadian diamond mining industry, and this is directly linked with kimberlite emplacement processes. New information generated from the current research program will be applicable to kimberlite fields such as Fort-à-la-Corne, SK; Lac-de-Gras, NWT; Attawapiskat/Victor, ON; or Renard, QC, where it will help diamond companies explore, evaluate and mine kimberlite pipes more efficiently.