Computational Models of Colour Perception with Applications to Camera and Light Design

这个提议是关于不同的“观察者”——不同的人，不同的相机——在不同的灯光下（日光，LED，荧光，钨）如何感知物体的颜色。色彩是一个涉及心理学、哲学、化学、物理和计算机科学的跨学科领域。我理解颜色的方法是将颜色感知视为一个计算过程。因此，在我的实验室中开发的颜色感知模型被制定为算法，可以根据它们是否简单地提供预期结果进行测试，其次，根据它们是否以一种与心理学家进行的心理物理实验中已知的人类颜色感知一致的方式进行测试。理解和模拟颜色感知的根本困难在于，因为人类只有3种对颜色敏感的视锥细胞，所以进入眼睛的光的波长和感知到的颜色之间没有一对一的对应关系。还有许多其他的困难，例如，相同的反射光光谱在不同的环境下看起来可能不同，这些都有助于颜色成为一个迷人的研究领域。然而，这些困难给数码相机业、数码印刷业、数码显示业、纺织业、照明业、色彩的科学使用（例如在医疗应用中）和艺术品的数字保存带来了问题。本提案中的研究项目解决了色彩科学的基本问题，这些问题直接应用于所有这些技术领域。拟议研究的目标建立在我的实验室最近的进展基础上，包括我们最近获奖的论文“超聚体失配量”（Logvinenko, Funt, Godau）中描述的超聚体工作，以及颜色色调的光源不变描述符的发展。目标包括：(i)确定在给定光线下从物体上观察到的全部颜色；（ii）建立物料颜色恒常性模型；（iii）制订数码相机色彩保真度的新量度；（iv）研究超元不匹配，作为评估节能灯显色特性的工具；(v)验证新提出的色调描述符并将其应用于诸如基于颜色的物体识别等任务。研究预算主要用于培养高素质人才；即支持学生工资和会议旅费。我以前的学生现在在彩色成像领域有了成功的事业。

This proposal is about how the colours of objects are perceived by different ‘observers’—different people, different cameras—and under different lights (daylight, LED, fluorescent, tungsten). Colour is a very interdisciplinary field touching on psychology, philosophy, chemistry, physics, and computer science. My approach to understanding colour is to view colour perception as a computational process. As such, the models of colour perception developed in my laboratory are formulated as algorithms that can be tested both in terms of whether or not they simply provide the expected results, and secondly in terms of whether they operate in a way that is congruent with what is known about human colour perception from the psychophysical experiments conducted by psychologists. The fundamental difficulty in understanding and modeling colour perception is that because humans have only 3 types of colour-sensitive cones there is no one-to-one correspondence between the wavelengths of light entering the eye and perceived colour. There are many other difficulties too, such as how the same reflected-light spectrum may look different in different contexts, and these all contribute to colour being a fascinating field of research. These difficulties, however, present problems for the digital camera industry, the digital printing industry, the digital display industry, the textile industry, the lighting industry, the scientific use of colour (e.g., in medical applications), and the digital preservation of artwork. The research projects in this proposal address fundamental issues of colour science that have direct application to all these technology areas. The objectives of the proposed research build on the recent progress in my laboratory that include work on metamerism described in our recent prize-winning paper entitled “Metamer Mismatch Volumes” (Logvinenko, Funt, Godau) and on the development of an illuminant-invariant descriptor for colour hues. The objectives include: (i) determining the full set of colours observable from objects under a given light; (ii) developing a model of material colour constancy; (iii) creating a new measure of the colour fidelity of digital cameras; (iv) investigating metamer mismatching as a tool for evaluating the colour rendering properties of energy-efficient lights; and (v) validating the newly proposed hue descriptor and applying it to tasks such as colour-based object identification. The research budget is primarily for the training of highly qualified personnel; namely, support of student salaries and their conference travel. My previous students now have successful careers in the colour-imaging field.