Eruptive processes of maar-diatreme volcanoes

要做的工作的性质Maars是地球上第二种最常见的火山地貌类型，它们的爆发对人和财产是危险的。在玛珥陨石坑的下面，坐落着一个diatreme，即一个被火山碎屑填充的地下结构。金伯利岩中可能含有钻石，包括加拿大的几个钻石矿。钻石开采在加拿大是一个价值数十亿美元的产业。因此，无论从自然灾害的角度还是从经济的角度来看，了解玛珥-双锥火山的喷发过程都是很重要的。拟议的工作方案将结合联合收割机：（1）对世界上一些最佳双锥火山暴露的详细实地研究，利用现代火山学、地层学和地球化学技术，获得玛珥-双锥火山碎屑沉积物特征的更真实的图像，（2）实验室规模和现场规模的实验，以模拟特定的maar-diatreme侵位过程，特别是在diatreme中进行的过程。实验将涉及几个国际合作者，研究计划将培养四名研究生。为火山观测站或民防机构工作的科学家将能够在他们的工作中使用对马尔-diatreme火山的更好理解。经济效益将是加拿大的资源部门，因为目前研究计划的许多发现将适用于金伯利岩diatreme。了解控制金伯利岩管道中钻石分布的因素是加拿大钻石开采业面临的一项根本挑战，这与金伯利岩就位过程直接相关。从目前的研究计划中产生的新信息将适用于金伯利岩领域，如Fort-à-la-Corne，SK; Lac-de-Gras，NWT; Attawapiskat/维克托，ON;或Renard，QC，在那里它将帮助钻石公司更有效地勘探，评估和开采金伯利岩管道。

NATURE OF THE WORK TO BE DONEMaars are the second most common type of volcanic landform on Earth, and their eruptions are hazardous to people and property. Underneath the maar crater sits a diatreme, i.e. a subterranean structure filled by pyroclastic debris. Kimberlitic diatremes can contain diamonds, including at several Canadian diamond mines. Diamond mining is a multi-billion dollar industry in Canada. Therefore, the eruptive processes of maar-diatreme volcanoes are important to understand both from a natural hazards perspective and an economic standpoint.The proposed work program will combine (1) detailed field studies of some of the best exposures of diatremes in the world, using modern volcanological, stratigraphic and geochemical techniques to obtain a more realistic picture of the characteristics of maar-diatreme pyroclastic deposits, and (2) lab-scale and field-scale experiments to model specific maar-diatreme emplacement processes, especially those going on in the diatreme. The experiments will involve several international collaborators and the research program will train four graduate students. WHY THE RESEARCH IS IMPORTANT scientists working for volcano observatories or civil protection agencies will be able to use the improved understanding of maar-diatreme volcanoes in their work.The economic benefits will be to Canada's resource sector, because many findings of the present research program will be applicable to kimberlitic diatremes. Understanding the factors that control the distribution of diamonds in kimberlite pipes is a fundamental challenge for the Canadian diamond mining industry, and this is directly linked with kimberlite emplacement processes. New information generated from the current research program will be applicable to kimberlite fields such as Fort-à-la-Corne, SK; Lac-de-Gras, NWT; Attawapiskat/Victor, ON; or Renard, QC, where it will help diamond companies explore, evaluate and mine kimberlite pipes more efficiently.