Establish fuel reliability in CANDU

燃料的安全性和性能一直是核电站关注的重要问题。本建议书旨在证明正常运行条件（NOC）下CANDU堆燃料的可靠性，以及失稳事故（LOCA）条件下的乏燃料安全裕度。为了满足日益增长的能源需求，以及提高工厂和核心设计效率，以保持与其他能源的竞争力，核公用事业公司采取措施来满足这些需求。项目1是通过实现“零燃料缺陷”来支持运营。将开发一种稳健的方法，采用基于统计的方法，以高度准确的方式评估坎杜堆燃料当前设计和运行中存在的安全裕度。实际燃料制造和运行数据将用于预测NOC期间燃料故障的概率。将使用与电力公司的加油指南密切一致的加油方法（WIMS/RFSP）创建一组通用的操作数据。COMSOL Multiphysics®燃料性能代码（FAST）由RMC开发，并根据行业标准代码进行验证，将用于预测燃料故障。2011年福岛第一核电站发生严重停电事故后，乏燃料池贮存成为国际关注的焦点。项目2将确认CANDU乏燃料池中的LOCA在干燥后进展足够缓慢，可以确保操作员干预，从而排除失控氧化和锆火灾的可能性。拟议项目将满足经合组织在其2015年报告中概述的对CANDU严重事故建模工具的需求。由加拿大核实验室，加拿大核安全委员会和经合组织核能机构开发的现象排名表将用于支持模型的开发。

Fuel safety and performance are always important topics to nuclear utilities. This proposal is to demonstrate CANDU fuel reliability under Normal Operating Conditions (NOC), and spent fuel safety margin under Loss of Coolant Accident (LOCA) Conditions. To meet an increasing demand for energy, as well as improve plant and core design efficiencies to remain competitive with other energy sources, nuclear utilities took measures to meet these needs. Project#1 is to support operation by achieving "zero fuel defects". A robust methodology, using a statistical based approach, to assess the safety margin present in the current design and operation of CANDU fuels with a high degree of accuracy will be developed. The actual fuel manufacturing and operating data will be used to predict the probability of fuel failure during NOC. A generic set of operating data will be created using refuelling methodologies (WIMS/RFSP) that coincide closely with the fuelling guidelines from power utilities. A COMSOL Multiphysics® fuel performance code (FAST), which was developed at RMC and validated against industry standard codes, will be used to predict fuel failure. Spent fuel pool storage has become a focus of international concerns after the severe loss of power accident in 2011 at the Fukushima Daiichi power plants. Project #2 will confirm a LOCA in a CANDU spent fuel pool has sufficiently slow post-dryout progression that operator intervention can be assured and, hence, to preclude the possibility of runaway oxidation and zirconium fires. The proposed project will address the need for a CANDU severe accident modelling tool as outlined by the OECD in their 2015 report. Phenomena ranking tables developed by the Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, and the OECD-Nuclear Energy Agency will be used to support the model development.