Adaptivity in Over-the-Horizon and High-Frequency Surface Wave Radar

对加拿大来说，一个日益具有战略重要性的问题是对其广阔的领空和专属经济区内外的海岸线进行有效监视。目前，只有一小部分加拿大领空和海岸线被一次雷达覆盖。超视距雷达（OTHR）已被证明是一个具有成本效益和最环保的解决方案，用于监视加拿大领空。高频地波雷达（HFSWR）非常适合于海岸监视。这些系统目前的能力受到干扰的限制-在加拿大使用OTHR时，由于极光杂波;在高频地波雷达中，海杂波在近距离和远距离电离层杂波中占主导地位。目前，在较高海况下，海杂波使目标检测成为不可能。这些干扰源是众所周知的空间和时间变化和空间非均匀。展望未来，有效监视的关键是能够使用所有可用的自由度来实时抑制这种干扰-在接收器处进行更好的自适应信号处理，再加上发射的自适应性，设计最佳和实用的，但接近最佳的波形，更好的天线。该项目的长期目标是探测目标，如商用飞机使用OTHR和小型，缓慢移动，渔船在各种海况下使用HFSWR。该项目建立在以前的合作伙伴，加拿大国防研究与发展和雷神加拿大我们建议发展一个全面的理解目标探测OTHR和HFSWR。我们提出了一个混合的算法开发的弱目标检测的空时自适应处理的基础上，多输入多输出技术的发展雷达，特别是波形设计和天线配置，使用实时训练，以补偿传播通过一个disturbedionosphere和分布式检测的理论发展。一个关键的驱动因素是我们的研究合作伙伴提供的两种形式的雷达测量数据的可用性。

An issue of growing strategic importance to Canada is effective surveillance over its vast airspace and thecoastline up to and beyond the Exclusive Economic Zone. Currently, only a fraction of Canadian airspace andcoastline is covered by primary radar. Over-the-horizon radar (OTHR) has been shown to be a cost-effectiveand the most environmentally-friendly solution for surveillance of the Canadian airspace. High-frequencysurface-wave radar (HFSWR) is well suited for coastal surveillance. The current capabilities of these systems islimited by interference - due to auroral clutter in the case of OTHR when used in Canada; in HFSWR seaclutter dominates the near ranges and ionospheric clutter in the far ranges. In the higher sea-states, currently,sea-clutter makes target detection impossible. These interference sources are well known to be spatially- andtime-varying and spatially non-homogeneous. Looking forward, the key to effective surveillance is to be able tosuppress this interference in real-time using all available degrees of freedom - better adaptive signal processingat the receiver(s), coupled with adaptivity on transmit, the design of optimal and practical, but close-to-optimalwaveforms, better antennas. The long-term goal of this project is to detect targets such as commercial airplanesusing OTHR and small, slow-moving, fishing vessels in various sea-states using HFSWR.This project builds on previous collaborations with both partners, Defense Research and Development Canadaand Raytheon Canada We propose developing a comprehensive understanding of target detection in OTHR andHFSWR. We propose a mix of algorithm development for weak-target detection based on space-time adaptiveprocessing, the development multiple-input multiple-output techniques for radar, especially waveform designand antenna configuration, the use of real-time training to compensate for propagation through a disturbedionosphere and theoretical developments in distributed detection. A key driver is the availability of measureddata for both forms of radar from our research partners.