Cellular and molecular studies of adaptive survival responses induced by mild heat stress at 40°C in mammalian cells

应激反应途径使细胞能够感知和应对不利的环境变化。亚致死剂量的不同压力（活性氧（ROS），热休克，环境毒素）可以诱导适应性生存反应，使细胞和生物体在面对不利刺激时继续正常功能。适应性反应由一组强大的抗凋亡基因（热休克蛋白（Hsp），抗氧化剂）介导，这些基因可以保护细胞免受各种毒性应激并使细胞存活。适应性反应可以抵消压力引起的脂质，蛋白质和DNA的损伤和/或增加对这种损伤的耐受性。如果适应性反应不能保护细胞，那么受损的细胞将通过凋亡和/或坏死性凋亡而被消除。

Stress response pathways allow cells to sense and respond to adverse environmental changes. Sub-lethal doses of different stresses (reactive oxygen species (ROS), heat shock, environmental toxins) can induce adaptive survival responses that allow cells and organisms to continue normal function in the face of an adverse stimulus. Adaptive responses are mediated by a core group of powerful anti-apoptotic genes (heat shock proteins (Hsp), antioxidants) that protect against diverse toxic stresses and enable the cell to survive. An adaptive response could counteract stress-induced damage to lipids, proteins and DNA and/or increase tolerance to such damage. If the adaptive response cannot protect the cell, then the damaged cell would be eliminated by apoptosis and/or necroptosis.