Biogenesis of outermembrane proteins in Gram-negative bacteria

每个革兰氏阴性细菌周围的双层膜保护细菌免受环境的影响，并且是许多其他基本功能的场所，如营养获取，细胞信号传导，粘附，运动，毒力或细菌繁殖。这些膜中的蛋白质至关重要，因为它们完成的功能是细胞存活和细菌发病所必需的。虽然细胞膜内蛋白的生物发生已经研究了几十年，并在文献中有很好的描述，但细菌外膜内整体膜蛋白的结合和生物发生的机制仍然难以捉摸。这些机制至关重要，因为它们被致病菌用来用细胞表面蛋白覆盖自己，从而促进毒力，因此被认为是开发针对细菌病原体的新疗法的有希望的药物靶点。

The double membrane surrounding each Gram-negative bacteria protects the bacteria from its environment, and is the site of many other essential functions such as nutriment acquisition, cell-signaling, adhesion, motility, virulence, or bacterial reproduction. The proteins in these membranes are of critical importance as the functions they accomplish are required for cell survival and bacterial pathogenesis. While the biogenesis of inner-membrane proteins has been studied over decades and is well described in the literature, the mechanisms underlying the incorporation and biogenesis of integral membrane proteins within the bacterial outer-membrane remain elusive. These mechanisms are of critical importance as they are used by pathogenic bacteria to cover themselves with cell surface proteins promoting virulence, and thus are considered promising drug targets for the development of novel therapeutics against bacterial pathogens.