"Biogeochemistry of lakes in winter, and the implications of declining ice cover"

加拿大大部分地区的湖泊每年都有很长一段时间被冰覆盖。冰盖创造了与其他季节根本不同的条件，低透光率，低温，以及气体交换障碍的存在。在北温带的大部分地区，我们观察到了冰盖时期的迅速下降。气候变化预测表明，冰盖的进一步减少是可以预期的。然而，与冬季野外工作相关的后勤挑战意味着我们对冬季湖泊的现状了解相对较差。因此，对未来变化的预测充满了不确定性。这项提议的主要目标是了解冰盖衰退期将如何影响湖泊生态和生物地球化学。我们将使用高频自主传感器网络来测量整个冬季几个月的温度、光线和氧气浓度的变化。我们还将进行详细的基于过程的测量，以了解不同类型湖泊的生物地球化学变化。最后，我们将利用这一新的理解来建立冬季生物地球化学模型。这将使我们能够预测冰盖减少的生态和生物地球化学影响，并有助于更好地理解气候变化将如何影响湖泊。

Lakes across much of Canada are ice-covered for long periods every year. Ice cover creates conditions fundamentally different from other seasons, with low light penetration, low temperatures, and the presence of a barrier to gas exchange. Throughout much of the North Temperate Zone we have observed rapid declines in periods of ice cover. Climate change predictions suggest further reductions in ice cover can be expected. However, logistical challenges associated with winter field work mean that we have relatively poor understanding of current conditions in lakes during winter. As a result, prediction of future changes is fraught with uncertainty.The major objective of this proposal is to understand how declining periods of ice cover will affect lake ecology and biogeochemistry. We will use a high frequency autonomous sensor network to measure changes in temperature, light and oxygen concentrations through winter months. We will also perform detailed process-based measurements to understand biogeochemical changes across different lake types. Finally, we will use this new understanding to build models of winter biogeochemistry. This will allow us to predict the ecological and biogeochemical effects of reduced ice cover, and contribute to an improved understanding of how climate change will affect lakes.