Accretion & Relativistic Jet Physics in Accreting Compact Objects

吸积盘过程，即物质通过旋转的圆盘落在物体上，是普遍存在的。天文学家已经在恒星系统的前身中，在恒星的致密残余物（吸积的白色矮星、中子星和恒星质量黑洞）周围，以及在具有超大质量黑洞的星系中心（活动星系核，AGN）观察到了吸积盘。通过盘的材料的这种流入也与材料的流出相关。这些外流可以是盘风、非相对论性喷流，而在吸积致密物体的情况下，则是相对论性喷流。尽管有这种普遍性，在我们对吸积和喷流物理的理解中仍然有许多悬而未决的问题。

The accretion disk process, where matter tends to fall onto an object through a rotating disk, is universal. Astronomers have observed accretion disks in the precursors to stellar systems, around the compact remnants of stars (accreting white dwarfs, neutron stars, and stellar-mass black holes), and at the centres of galaxies with supermassive black holes (active galactic nuclei, AGN). This inflow of material through a disk is also associated with an outflow of material. These outflows can arise as disk-winds, non-relativistic jets, and, in the case of accreting compact objects, relativistic jets. Despite this universality, there are still many open issues in our understanding of accretion and jet physics.