Advanced Constitutive Modelling of Soils for Characterization of Seismic Hazard through Nonlinear Dynamic Simulations

加拿大东部的地质条件使地震灾害评估具有挑战性。基岩顶部的软土层，如敏感粘土，会产生大应变，显著放大地面运动，并导致运动传播到比其他地质环境更远的地方。例如，在1988年的萨盖奈地震中，蒙特利尔-Est Hotel de Ville酒店遭到破坏，尽管距离震中300公里，但不得不拆除。建筑下面的粘土层有17米厚，这被评估为建筑倒塌的主要原因。地震波还可以在敏感粘土中引起地震诱发的滑坡，因为它们对循环软化很敏感，循环软化的特征是循环荷载引起的刚度损失。

The geological conditions in Eastern Canada make the assessment of seismic hazard challenging. Soft soil layers, such as sensitive clays, atop the bedrock can develop large strains, significantly amplify ground motion, and cause the motion to propagate much further than other geological settings. For example, in the 1988 Saguenay earthquake, the Montreal-Est Hotel de Ville was damaged and had to be torn down despite being situated 300km away from the earthquake’s epicenter. The clay layer beneath the building was 17m thick, which was assessed to be the main cause of the building’s demise. The seismic waves can also cause seismically induced landslides in sensitive clays because they are susceptible to cyclic softening, which is characterized by a loss of stiffness induced by cyclic loading.