Energy-Efficient and Sustainable Approaches toward Greening the Next Generation of Wireless Communication Systems

由于无线用户、设备、应用的持续增长以及对高性能的需求，无线网络的能耗正在急剧增加。因此，无线通信系统和绿色解决方案的融合变得自然和关键。除了环境效益，拥有绿色解决方案的其他动机还包括给运营商带来的经济利益(较低的能源成本)和对用户的实际好处(更长的电池使用时间)。因此，在创建未来的无线网络时，从追求最佳频谱效率转向高效的能量使用是不可或缺的。此外，大规模多天线系统、密集异质网络、云无线电接入网络、M2M(机器对机器)通信和能量采集通信系统等新兴技术将成为未来无线网络(5G网络及更高版本)的一部分。

Energy consumption of wireless networks is dramatically increasing due to the persistent growth of wireless users, devices, applications and the demand of challenging performance. Hence, the convergence of wireless communication systems and green solutions becomes natural and critical. In addition to the environmental benefits, other motivations for having green solutions include economic benefits to the operators (less energy cost) and practical benefits to the users (longer battery usage). Thus, it is now indispensable to shift from pursuing optimal spectral efficiency to efficient energy usage when creating future wireless networks. Besides, it is accepted that emerging technologies of massive multi-antenna systems, dense heterogeneous networks, cloud radio access networks, M2M (machine to machine) communications and energy harvesting communication systems will be part of future wireless networks (5G networks and beyond).