Fundamental flame studies of soot formation and morphology at elevated pressures

为了实现更高的热效率和更小的发动机体积，内燃机被设计成在比大气压高得多的压力下操作。从燃气涡轮机和柴油发动机排放的主要污染物之一是烟灰，也称为颗粒物质或炭黑，其在操作模式为非预混或部分预混时的燃烧过程期间形成，并且其形成速率通过增加燃烧压力而显著增加。烟尘气溶胶通过改变大气的辐射特性，在区域和全球范围内影响地球的温度和气候。对全球变暖的贡献可能是巨大的，也许仅次于二氧化碳。

To achieve higher thermal efficiencies and smaller engine volumes, combustion engines are designed to operate at pressures much higher than the atmospheric. One of the major pollutants emitted from the gas turbines and diesel engines is soot, also known as particulate matter or black carbon, which forms during the combustion process when the mode of operation is non-premixed or partially-premixed, and its formation rate is significantly increased by increasing the combustion pressure. Soot aerosols affect the Earth's temperature and climate, both regionally and globally by altering the radiative properties of the atmosphere. The contribution to global warming may be substantial, perhaps second only to that of CO