The Limits of Reconsolidation: Understanding the Nature and Boundaries of Fear Memory Reconsolidation Using the Reactivation-Extinction Paradigm

*正常*0*FALSE**EN-US*JA*X-NONE****/*样式定义*/*表。MsoNormal表*{mso-style-name：“表正常”；*mso-tstyle-rowband-size：0；*mso-tstyle-colband-size：0；*mso-style-noshow：yes；*mso-style-first：99；*mso-style-parent：“”；*mso-pding-alt：0 cm 5.4pt 0 cm 5.4pt；*mso-para-mark：0 cm；*mso-para-edge-Bottom：.0001pt；*mso-Page：寡妇-孤儿；*字体大小：12.0pt；*font-Family：Cambria；*mso-ascii-font-Family：Cambria；*mso-ascii-主题-FONT：Minor-拉丁语；*mso-hansi-font-Family：Cambria；*mso-hansi-heme-FONT：Minor-拉丁语；*mso-ansi-Language：EN-US；在过去的十年里，我们对记忆如何工作的理解发生了很大的转变。以前的记忆是一个相对静态的实体的概念已经逐渐被记忆作为一个动态过程的概念所取代。这种转变的发生很大程度上是因为*动物研究表明，当恐惧记忆重新激活时，它们*可能会进入一个可以更新的不稳定时期。虽然已经有一些关于人类恐惧记忆重新巩固的研究，但这项研究是有限的。许多用于阻止动物研究中的重新巩固的药物对人类来说是不安全的。最近的创新*导致了研究再巩固的安全的非药物方法。这些方法更准确地反映了*再巩固可能如何在自然界发生。我的研究目的是*扩展我们对人类恐惧记忆重新巩固的理解*使用这些新方法。目标一将研究人类重新巩固的边界条件。一系列六项研究将探索原始记忆的年龄和强度，此外，重新激活的时间和强度也会影响恐惧记忆是否会被更新。我还将研究报告高度恐惧的倾向是否会影响恐惧记忆更新的可能性。这一系列研究将帮助我们理解恐惧记忆重新巩固是如何在*人类中发挥作用的。目标二将扩大我们对重新巩固在记忆和认知中的作用的理解。大多数研究都是通过观察恐惧记忆的缺失来推断*重新巩固发生了。如果重新巩固的功能是更新记忆，那么可能会加入其他类型的信息，比如与记忆内容有关的新细节。这两项研究将探索恐惧记忆是否可以更新，而不是简单地被消除。这些知识最终将促进转化性研究的发展，研究如何在创伤后应激障碍和焦虑症等基于恐惧的障碍的治疗中使用再巩固来降低复发率。我的*研究项目的结果将有助于不断增长的关于人类学习和记忆重新巩固的基础研究，并帮助我们理解*再巩固发生的原因和方式。

* * * *** * Normal* 0* * * * * false* false* false* * EN-US* JA* X-NONE* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * **** /* Style Definitions */*table.MsoNormalTable* {mso-style-name:"Table Normal";* mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;* mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;* mso-style-noshow:yes;* mso-style-priority:99;* mso-style-parent:"";* mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;* mso-para-margin:0cm;* mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;* mso-pagination:widow-orphan;* font-size:12.0pt;* font-family:Cambria;* mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;* mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;* mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;* mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;* mso-ansi-language:EN-US;}****In the past decade, there has been a large*shift in our understanding of how memory works. *The former notion of memory as a relatively static entity has gradually*been replaced with the notion of memory as a dynamic process.  This shift has occurred largely because of*animal research demonstrating that when fearful memories are reactivated they*may enter a labile period during which they can be updated.  There has been some research on the*reconsolidation of fear memories in humans, but this research is limited.  Many of the pharmaceuticals used to block*reconsolidation in animal research are unsafe for humans. Recent innovations*have resulted in safe non-pharmaceutical methods of studying reconsolidation.  These methods more accurately reflect how*reconsolidation might occur in the natural world. The aim of my research is to*extend our understanding of the reconsolidation of fear memories in humans*using these new methods. Objective one will examine the boundary conditions of*reconsolidation in humans.  A series of six*studies will explore how the age and strength of the original memory, as well*as the timing and strength of reactivation influences whether a fear memory will*be updated.  I will also examine whether*a tendency to report being highly fearful influences the likelihood of fear*memories updating.  This series of*studies will help us to understand how fear memory reconsolidation works in*humans.  Objective two will extend our*understanding of the role of reconsolidation in memory and cognition in general.  Most research has inferred that*reconsolidation has occurred by observing the absence of fear memory often one*day after reconsolidation has occurred. If the function of reconsolidation is*to update the memory then other types of information may be incorporated, such*as new details pertaining to the content of the memory.  Two studies will explore whether fear*memories can be updated rather than simply being eliminated. Such knowledge*will ultimately enable the development of translational research investigating*how reconsolidation could be used to reduce rates of relapse in the treatment*of fear-based disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder and anxiety*disorders.   Results from my program of*research will contribute to a growing body of basic research on learning and*memory reconsolidation in humans and help us to understand why and how*reconsolidation occurs. ***