Developing a simulator to assess the impact of the large scale integration of EVs and level 2 chargers on the distribution power network****

电动汽车（EV）技术的进步导致EV的使用增加，并大规模渗透加拿大和魁北克市场。随着人们对绿色能源使用的认识不断提高，以及对化石燃料依赖程度的降低，电动汽车的使用预计将在不久的将来大幅增长。在电动汽车使用的结果中，充电站的增量部署（特别是二级充电）对配电网络提出了挑战。正如预期的那样，大多数电动汽车将在家中充电，以避免在公共充电站（CS）长时间等待，并利用其空闲时间进行电动汽车充电。这种方法是通过降低2级收费的价格来促进的，这减少了EV充电时间。因此，我们将见证住宅负荷分布的显著变化和一天中不同时间的需求增加。魁北克唯一的电力供应商魁北克水电公司将不得不为电动汽车使用的显著增加和即将部署的2级充电器的后果做好准备。为了评估电动汽车数量大幅增加对电力行业的影响，并避免这些不可避免的后果，需要进行广泛的分析，首先更好地了解这一变化的影响，然后制定适当的策略。在这方面，我们将研究电动汽车市场的增长和电动汽车的充电行为。我们的初步观察表明，交通部门的模式转变为电动汽车;在几年内，2级充电沿着未来更有效和快速的充电将构成主要的充电站，即使在住宅楼的水平。作为一个衍生物，预计住宅负荷将发生急剧变化。为了适应这种负荷变化，魁北克水电公司可能需要引入动态定价政策，或扩大其配电网络，或两者兼而有之。由于这种能源需求预计将逐渐增加，渐进的解决方案可能更有效。通过模拟电动汽车部署、充电行为和负载变化的模拟，可以深入了解这个问题的动态，并提供先进的解决方案。我们设想开发一个模拟器，允许对手头问题的所有可变方面进行实验，从而描绘出短期和长期适用的有效和合适的解决方案。

Advances in electrical vehicles (EV) technology are resulting in an increased usage of EV and a large scale penetration of the Canadian and Quebec markets. The usage of EVs is expected to witness massive growth in the near future with the increased awareness towards green energy use and the need for less dependency on fossil fuel. Among the outcomes of EV use, the incremental deployment of charging stations (especially level 2 charges) presents a challenge to the power distribution network. As anticipated, most of the EVs will be charged at home to avoid long waiting times at public charging stations (CS), and utilize their idle time in EV charging. This approach is facilitated by the declining prices of level 2 charges which reduce the EV charging time. Thus, we will witness a significant change in the residential load profile and an augmented demand at various times of the day. Hydro Quebec, the sole electricity provider in Quebec, will have to prepare for the consequences of this notable increase in EVs use and upcoming deployments of level 2 chargers.****To assess the consequences of this enormous increase in the number of EVs on the power sector, and to avoid these unavoidable consequences, an extensive analysis is required to have a better understanding of the impact of this change first, and elaborate suitable strategies after. In this respect, we will study the EV market growth and the charging behavior of EVs. Our preliminary observations indicate a paradigm shift of transportation sector to EV; within a few years, level 2 charges along with future more efficient and fast charges will constitute the major charging stations even at the level of residential premises. As a ramification, a drastic change in residential load is anticipated. To accommodate to this change in load, Hydro Quebec may need to introduce dynamic pricing policy, or expand their power distribution network or both. As this energy demand is expected to be increased gradually, a gradual solution might be more effective. Insights into the dynamics of this problem, and advanced solutions will be possible through a simulation that mimics the variations in EV deployment, charging behavior, and load alterations. We envision developing a simulator that allows to experiment with all variable aspects of the problem at hand, and consequently portray efficient and suitable solutions suitable on the short term, and long term as well.****