DEVELOPMENT OF AN ADVANCED RESEARCH PROGRAM FOR TIRE-MIXED SOIL INTERACTION USING COMPUTATIONAL HYBRID TECHNIQUES

计算机化建模极大地改变了设计过程和收集实验信息的方式。在广泛使用计算机之前，需要创建许多物理模型，在某些情况下，为了原型和实验目的而销毁。近年来，计算机建模的进步已经允许创建广泛的充气轮胎模型。这些模型已用于确定许多轮胎性能和轮胎-道路相互作用参数。最近，计算机模拟已被用于探索轮胎-土壤的相互作用。这些模型定义了由这些相互作用产生的新参数，但缺乏准确的土壤本构方程。在之前的模型中，使用有限元分析（FEA）对土壤进行模拟，土壤材料模型需要校准和验证。此外，利用我们的经验，先进的光滑颗粒流体动力学（SPH）无网格建模方法将更准确地模拟大变形和复杂的轮胎-土壤相互作用。******该研究项目结合了目前由工业界资助的研究项目，对几种道路和越野轮胎进行了有限元模拟，并在虚拟环境中进行了验证，将模拟结果与工业合作伙伴提供的测试数据进行了比较。这项研究的特点是使用了一种新的技术，该技术考虑了材料的变形来模拟软土。要模拟的土壤使用不同的模拟进行校准，以便与来自标准测试的已发表的实验数据进行比较。将校准后的土壤作为轮胎的表面，可以研究轮胎与地形的相互作用特性，如滚动阻力和转弯性能参数。目标包括通过模拟土壤混合物（如水-砂和水-粘土）来扩展土壤模型库，以便进行更现实的土壤类型调查以及不同浓度的水-土壤混合物的滑水调查。结果将被应用到整车模型中，以评估它们在不同地形上的性能。******这项研究计划将有利于加拿大汽车工业，如加拿大通用汽车公司和加拿大通用动力陆地系统公司，通过减少在不同地形上进行车辆物理测试所涉及的时间和金钱费用。该行业还将能够模拟车辆在水面、雪地和土壤上的表现。模拟可以最大限度地减少物理测试，以减少提供设备和环境所涉及的成本。还可以通过避免危险的测试来提高安全性，例如在100公里/小时以上的速度下进行打滑。先进的轮胎-地形相互作用模拟将提高汽车行业成员测试的安全性。**

Computerized modeling has significantly changed both the design process and the way in which experimental information is gathered. Before extensive computer usage, many physical models needed to be created and, in some cases, destroyed for prototyping and experimental purposes. In recent years, the advancement of computerized modeling has allowed for the creation of extensive pneumatic tire models. These models have been used to determine many tire properties and tire-road interaction parameters. More recently, computerized modeling has been used to explore tire-soil interactions. The new parameters created by these interactions were defined for these models, but accurate soil constitutive equations were lacking. With the previous models, the soil was simulated using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) with soil material models requiring calibration and validation. Furthermore, using our experience the advanced meshless modeling method of Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) will be applied for more accurate simulation of the large soil deformations and complex tire-soil interactions. ******This research program is combining the current research projects funded by industry to model several FEA road and off-road tires which were validated in a virtual environment comparing simulation results to test data provided by industrial partners. The research features the use of a newer technique that considers the deformation of materials to model soft soils. The soils to be modeled are calibrated using different simulations to compare to published experimental data derived from standard tests. Applying the calibrated soils as a surface for the validated tires allows the tire-terrain interaction characteristics, such as rolling resistance and cornering performance parameters, to be investigated. Included in the objectives is expanding the library of soil models by modeling soil mixtures, such as water-sand and water-clayey, to allow for more realistic soil type investigation as well as hydroplaning investigations over different concentrations of water-soil mixtures. The results will be implemented into full vehicle models to evaluate their performance over different terrain.******This research program will be beneficial for the Canadian automotive industry, such as General Motors-Canada and General Dynamics Land Systems-Canada, by reducing the time and monetary expenses involved in physically testing vehicles over different terrains. The industry will also be able to simulate a vehicle's performance over water, snow, and soils. Simulations allow physical tests to be minimized to reduce the costs involved in providing equipment and environment. Safety can also be increased by avoiding dangerous tests such as hydroplaning which is performed at speeds above 100 km/h. Advanced tire-terrain interaction simulations will enhance the safety of testing for members of the automotive industry. **