Fault Detection in Nonlinear Systems using New Observers and Self-powered Sensors

在实际系统中，由于非线性和参数的不确定性，故障检测非常困难。这种非线性出现在绿色能源系统，如风车和燃料电池，由于其潜在的动力学。智能控制系统可以通过使用“观察者”来估计系统状态（内部变量的值）并将预期的系统响应与传感器测量的真实系统响应进行比较，从而在这些系统中执行故障检测和识别（FDI）和参数识别（PAI）。FDI面临的一个新挑战是使用来自较新的自供电传感器的信号，这些传感器通过提供不连续的数据来节省电力。使用这种传感器的外国直接投资在偏远的风车装置中特别有吸引力。**预计需要智能控制系统的绿色能源技术数量将出现爆炸式增长。这种需求是全球激励计划、法令和邦政府在印度等发展中经济体投资绿色能源的指示的直接结果。因此，在许多现实世界的应用中，绿色能源技术，如燃料电池和风车，将是这项研究最初的主要应用领域。**未来5年，研究项目将：Obj1。开发新的非线性观测器，以扩大控制理论的范围，并使用燃料电池堆和风车系统模型验证这些技术；目标2：开发不确定非线性系统的FDI技术，并使用燃料电池堆模型验证这些结果；目标3：开发能够使用来自新型自供电传感器（如无电池无线传感器）的不连续传感器信号的FDI系统，并验证用于监测风力涡轮机叶片结构健康状况的情况。申请人目前与绿色能源行业的合作，如与巴拉德电力系统公司（加拿大）和RRB能源公司（印度）的合作，将用于将外国直接投资和PAI的预期进展和创新扩展到绿色能源系统。**这项工作将在培训HQP和帮助加拿大在高科技和绿色能源部门的全球竞争力方面发挥重要作用。******

Fault detection is difficult in real systems because of nonlinearities and parameter uncertainties. Such nonlinearities arise in green energy systems such as windmills and fuel-cells due to their underlying dynamics. Smart control systems can perform fault detection and identification (FDI), and parameter identification (PAI) in these systems by using an "observer" to estimate system states (values of internal variables) and comparing the expected system response with the true system response as measured by sensors. An emerging challenge for FDI lies in using signals from newer self-powered sensors that conserve power by providing discontinuous data. FDI using such sensors is particularly attractive in remote windmill installations. ** An explosion is anticipated in the number of green energy technologies requiring smart control systems. This demand is a direct result of global incentive programs, mandates and state government directives in growing economies like India to invest in green energy. Hence, amongst the many real-world applications, green energy technology such as fuel-cells and windmills will be the initial primary application area for this research.** In the next five years, the research program will: Obj1. Develop new nonlinear observers to broaden the scope of control theory and validate these techniques using models of fuel-cell stacks and windmill systems; Obj 2: Develop FDI techniques for uncertain nonlinear systems and validate these results using models of fuel-cell stacks; Obj 3: Develop FDI systems capable of using discontinuous sensor signals from new self-powered sensors such as battery-less wireless sensors and validate for the case of monitoring the structural health of wind turbines blades. The applicant's current collaborations with the green energy industry, such as with Ballard Power Systems (Canada) and RRB Energy (India), will be used to extend the anticipated advances and innovation in FDI and PAI to green energy systems.** This work will play a major role in training of HQP and in aiding the global competitiveness of Canada in the high-tech and green energy sectors.******