Design and Validation of a Platform to Measure Upper Extremity Functional Performance of Joints during Standard and Complex Tasks

手和手臂运动的多样性、复杂性和范围为生物力学评估提供了巨大的挑战。此外，涉及手部和上肢的活动是非常多用途的，可以包括不同的工具，握力和各种粗大和运动任务。该研究项目的长期目标是开发一个全面的手和上肢生物力学模型，包括肌肉活动，骨骼运动学/运动路径和关节接触力学，可用于检查真实世界环境对手和上肢机械性能的影响。提出的短期目标包括：******。确定躯干、肩膀和肘部对稳定手和手腕的贡献***在复杂的任务中，身体作为一个整体运动，需要多个关节协调协调。最近的研究检查了中风后手和手臂功能的康复计划，表明躯干对稳定手和手腕的运动有重要作用。然而，这个模型还没有得到充分的发展，并且没有包括肩膀和肘部在功能[1]中稳定手和手腕的贡献。* * * * * * 2。确定男女之间与性别相关的生物力学差异***研究一致报告了各种肌肉骨骼损伤中性别之间在风险、损伤机制和疼痛感知方面的差异，但目前在大多数骨骼和关节力学研究中都没有考虑性别，并且在该领域测试男女之间的相似性或差异性也不是传统。******3。确定手和手臂功能稳定剂对关节力学的影响***与肌肉骨骼损伤或创伤相关的症状通常来自关节本身。手和上肢的动作捕捉将与使用x射线计算机断层扫描（CT）获得的个人关节结构相结合，以检查大负荷（上肢）（肘部，肩部和躯干）对小骨头（手和手腕的关节接触力学）的影响。******工作的新颖性和预期意义***目前研究手和上肢的生物力学研究没有将手和上肢作为一个由多个关节组成的复杂系统来研究，也没有全面地研究关节运动学、肌肉活动和关节接触力学。目前，人们在工作、休息和玩耍时的关节运动模式的知识有限。了解人们如何原位使用他们的关节对我们增加对基本生物力学的理解至关重要。提出的研究从宏观层面开始，就地评估关节性能，最后对单个骨表面和关节相互作用进行详细的、任务特定的描述。

The variety, complexity and range of hand and arm movements provides a big challenge to biomechanical assessment. As well, activities involving the hand and upper limb are extremely versatile and can include different tools, grips and various gross and motor tasks. The long-term objective of this program of research is to develop a comprehensive biomechanical model of the hand and upper limb that includes muscle activity, skeletal kinematics/motion pathways and joint contact mechanics that can be used to examine the effect of real world contexts on the mechanical performance of the hand and upper limb. The short-term objectives proposed include to:******1. Determine the Contribution of the Trunk, Shoulder and Elbow in Stabilizing the Hand and Wrist***The body moves as a whole during complex tasks and requires multiple joints coordinating harmoniously. Recent studies examining rehabilitation programs for hand and arm function post stroke have suggested that the trunk contributes significantly to stabilizing motion of the hand and wrist. However, this model has not been fully developed and does not include the contribution the shoulder and elbow play in ***stabilizing the hand and wrist during function[1]. ******2. Determine Sex-linked Biomechanical Differences between Men and Women***Research has consistently reported differences in risk, injury mechanism and perception of pain between the sexes in various musculoskeletal injuries, but sex is not currently being considered in most studies of bone and joint mechanics and is not tradition in the field to test for similarities or differences between men and women.******3. Determine the Impact of Stabilizers of Hand and Arm Function on Joint Mechanics***Symptoms associated with musculoskeletal injury or trauma traditionally emanate from the joints themselves. Motion capture of the hand and upper limb will be combined with individual's joint structure obtained using x-ray computed tomography (CT) to examine the effects of large loads' (of the upper extremity) (elbow, shoulder and trunk) on small bones' (joint contact mechanics of the hand and wrist).******Novelty and Expected Significance of the Work***Current biomechanical studies investigating the hand and upper limb do not examine the hand and upper limb as a complex system of multiple joints and do not examine joint kinematics, muscle activity and joint contact mechanics comprehensively. Currently, there is limited knowledge of joint movement patterns when people are at work, rest and play. Understanding how people use their joints in situ is critical to our increased understanding of basic biomechanics. The research proposed starts from the macro level with in situ assessment of joint performance and ends with a detailed, task specific description of individual bone surfaces and joint interactions.