Investigating the Impact of River Ice on Sediment Transport Processes

在寒冷的北方气候中，河冰可以影响水体近半年的时间。当地天气和水力条件之间复杂的相互作用有可能形成许多不同类型的冰，每种冰对沉积物的运输都有不同的影响。尽管在开放水域条件下泥沙输运过程已经得到了充分的研究，但不同冰况（如部分冰盖或河流冰塞）造成的更复杂的水力条件对泥沙输运的影响尚不清楚。******为了解决增加我们对沉积物运输和河流冰过程之间相互作用的理解的总体目标，该计划将使用时间分辨层析粒子图像测速系统的尖端实验和更大水槽中的互补沉积物运输实验相结合。拟议的研究将包括两个非常适合我过去经验的研究主题，并将利用现有的研究设施。长期目标是利用这项基础研究的结果和物理认识，定量评估和提高现有数学模型估计不同类型冰盖下沉积物输运率的能力。这将在未来被纳入一个二维综合河冰数值模型，这将对加拿大和国外的工程师具有社会和经济意义。******在整个研究项目的过程中，共有10名HQP将接受培训，其中包括2名博士生，2名硕士，5名本科生和1名技术员。他们将获得与河流冰和沉积物运输有关的湍流条件的深入了解，这将转移到水利工程的任何领域，这将使他们能够在工程咨询公司，水电公司以及负责水资源工程的研究或政府机构中追求成功的职业生涯。*******河冰对河流中的沉积物运输有着巨大的影响，但人们对其知之甚少，这无疑会对我们目前忽视的环境产生负面影响。这项研究将为我们对与冰塞和部分冰盖相关的复杂湍流条件的理解提供一个重大飞跃，并将代表关注这一主题的第一个重大项目。由此产生的估算冰下沉积物输送速率的数学和数值模拟技术将极大地有助于为即将到来的水电站和其他河流控制结构制定更严格的环境影响报告，并帮助我们作为一个国家更好地利用水资源

In cold northern climates river ice can impact water bodies for nearly half of the year. The complex interaction between the local weather and hydraulic conditions has the potential to create many different types of ice, each of which have a different impact on sediment transport. Although sediment transport processes have been well-studied for open water conditions, the more complex hydraulic conditions created by different ice conditions such as a partial ice cover or a river ice jam have an unknown impact on sediment transport. ******To address the overall goal of increasing our understanding of the interaction between sediment transport and river ice processes, this program will use a combination of cutting-edge experiments with a time resolved tomographic particle image velocimetry system and complimentary sediment transport experiments in a larger flume. The proposed research will be comprised of two research themes that are well-suited to my past experience, and will leverage the current research facilities available. The long-term objective is to use the results and physical understanding from this fundamental research to quantitatively evaluate and improve the ability of existing mathematical models to estimate sediment transport rates under different types of ice covers. This will be incorporated into a two-dimensional comprehensive river ice numerical model in the future, which will be of social and economic significance to engineers within Canada and abroad. ******Throughout the course of this research program a total of 10 HQP will receive training, including 2 Ph.D. students, 2 M.Sc. students, 5 undergraduate students and 1 technician. They will acquire an advanced understanding of the turbulent flow conditions involved with river ice and sediment transport that will be transferrable to any area of hydraulic engineering which will allow them to pursue successful careers with engineering consulting companies, hydroelectric companies, and research or government agencies tasked with water resources engineering.*******River ice has a substantial, yet poorly understood, impact on sediment transport in rivers that will undoubtedly have negative environmental impacts which we currently ignore. This research will provide a significant leap forward in terms of our understanding of the complex turbulent flow conditions associated with ice jams and partial ice covers, and will represent the first major project focusing on this topic. The resulting mathematical and numerical modelling techniques to estimate sediment transport rates under ice will greatly assist with the development of more rigorous environmental impact statements for upcoming hydroelectric generating stations and other river control structures, and help us to be better water resource users as a nation.***