Improved sampling and detection for proactive management of mycotoxins in grain.

解决与谷物玉米行业相关的三个霉菌毒素相关问题；(1)提高采样精度：无法快速可靠地从卡车上采集具有代表性的谷物样本进行霉菌毒素测试。目前，这是由几个随机的谷物探测器在谷物接收点对每一批货物进行检测；无论是卖家还是买家，对样本都没有信心。我们建议开发和验证一种简单的谷物除尘方案，用于谷物转运过程中谷物的总脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)含量的估计；(2)真菌毒素谱：关注在副产品(DDGs)中测量的DON与在谷物中测量的DON的比率不一致且往往高于预期，或者样品比样品测试预测的更具生物活性。我们建议确定DON及其结合物的主要贡献形式，以及在玉米进入乙醇过程和离开乙醇过程中新发现的真菌毒素NXs，并在整个过程中建立这些不同真菌毒素的质量平衡；(3)快速真菌毒素检测。目前的快速检测试剂盒不能测量谷物和DDGS中所有各种形式的DON及其掩蔽的结合物，因此总DON被低估了。我们建议对用于估算玉米、玉米粉尘和滴滴涕中DON和相关化合物的主要商业侧向流动装置进行比较，以更好地确定受污染样品对牲畜的生物活性潜力。还将开发和验证一种用户友好的水基提取方法，用于检测粉尘中的DON。

Addresses three mycotoxin-related problems associated with the grain corn industry; (1) Improve sampling accuracy: the inability to rapidly and reliably collect a representative grain sample from a truck load for mycotoxin testing. Currently this is being done by several random grain probes for each load at the grain receiving point; and there is no confidence in the sample for either sellers or buyers. We propose to develop and validate a simple, grain dust-aspirating protocol for grain corn applied during grain transfer to estimate total deoxynivalenol (DON) content of a grain lot; (2) Mycotoxin profiling: the concern that the ratio of DON measured in the by-products (DDGs) to DON measured in the grain, is not consistent and often higher than expected, or the sample is more bioactive than the sample test predicts. We propose to determine the profile and identify the major contributing forms of DON and their conjugates plus the newly discovered mycotoxin NXs in corn entering, and DDG leaving the ethanol process and develop a mass balance of these various mycotoxins throughout the process; (3) Rapid mycotoxin testing. Current rapid test kits are incapable of measuring all the various forms of DON and their masked conjugates in grain and DDGS, and therefore total DON is being underestimated. We propose to compare the main commercial lateral flow devices for estimating DON and related compounds in corn, corn dust and DDGs with the objective to better identify the bioactivity potential of contaminated sample to livestock. A user friendly water based extraction for testing DON in dust will also be developed and validated.