Improving Safety and Productivity on Construction Sites through Dynamic Planning, Monitoring and Control

建筑业是加拿大工业中死亡人数最多的行业之一。仅在2009年至2011年期间，加拿大就发生了651起建筑死亡事件，占所有死亡人数的22.6%。建筑地盘的安全和生产力纪录欠佳，显示有大量机会改善目前的做法。这项研究计划的总体目标是通过有效的规划、监测和控制过程来改善建筑工地管理实践，提高建筑工地的安全性和生产率。建筑工地管理的主要挑战是建筑工地的动态和不断变化的性质，这使得预测事件和制定前瞻性计划变得困难。这项研究将利用信息和通信技术和自动化的最新进展和能力来处理建筑项目的动态性质，并旨在开发建筑工地管理的新方法。该研究计划的长期目标是开发新的有效和实用的方法，以： 目标1--动态工地规划 目标2--对建筑工地进行实时监测 目标3--事故预测和预防的智能控制 该方案采用了传统上用于管理项目成本和进度的计划、监测和控制三个主要项目管理流程，并将其应用于施工现场管理。场地规划(目标1)为静止物体的位置和移动物体的路径提供了最佳布局。分析了场地布局和进度之间的权衡关系，并采用启发式优化技术对场地布局和进度进行同步优化。现场监测(目标2)将通过跟踪现场静止和移动物体(设备、工人、材料)的状态，确保现场的实际状态符合计划。无缝的室内外跟踪将用于实时跟踪静止和移动的对象。这将允许实时检测偏离计划的情况。智能现场控制(目标3)分析监控系统确定的离题的影响，并检测物体之间的不安全接近。它通过在事故实际发生之前预测潜在的碰撞或坠落来帮助防止事故发生。这项建议中概述的研究计划将提供创新的方法来提高建筑工地的安全和生产率，并将使建筑工地管理与21世纪的进步保持一致。在该研究项目中培训的HQP将与行业从业者密切合作，并将在当今建筑业高度需要的新兴跨学科领域开发专业知识。

Construction has one of the highest numbers of fatalities among Canadian industries. During 2009 to 2011 alone, there were 651 construction fatalities in Canada, accounting for 22.6% of all fatalities. The poor records of safety and productivity on construction sites suggest that there are ample opportunities for improving the current practice. The overarching goal of this research program is to improve construction site management practices through effective planning, monitoring and control processes, to improve safety and productivity on construction sites. The main challenge in construction site management is thedynamic and ever-changing nature of construction sites that makes predicting events and making proactive plans difficult. This research will take advantage of the recent advancements and capabilities of ICT and automation to address the dynamic nature of construction projects and aims to develop novel methodologies for construction site management. The long term objectives of this research program are to develop new effective and practical methodologies for:    Objective 1- Dynamic construction site planning    Objective 2- Real-time monitoring on construction sites    Objective 3- Intelligent control for accident prediction and prevention This proposal adopts the three main project management processes of Planning, Monitoring and Control, which are traditionally used to manage project cost and schedule, and applies them to construction site management. Site planning (Objective 1) provides the optimal layout for both the location of stationary objects, and the paths for moving objects. Tradeoffs between site layout and schedule will be analyzed and heuristic optimization techniques will be employed to optimize the site layout and schedule simultaneously. Site monitoring (Objective 2) will ensure that the actual status of the site is according to the plan by tracking the status of static and moving objects (equipment, workers, material) on site. Seamless indoor-outdoor tracking will be used to track stationary and moving objects in real-time. This will allow detection of digressions from the plan in real-time and as it happens. Intelligent site control (Objective 3) analyzes the impact of the digressions identified by the monitoring system and detects unsafe proximity between objects. It provides assistance to prevent accidents by predicting potential collisions or falls before they actually occur. The research program outlined in this proposal will provide innovative methodologies to improve safety and productivity on construction sites and will bring construction site management in line with the advancements of the 21st century. The HQP trained in this research program will work in closely in collaboration with industry practitioners and will develop expertise in an emerging interdisciplinary area that is highly in demand in today's construction industry.