Investigating the Impact of River Ice on Sediment Transport Processes

在寒冷的北方气候中，河冰会影响水体近半年。当地天气和水力条件之间复杂的相互作用有可能产生许多不同类型的冰，每种冰对沉积物的输运都有不同的影响。虽然沉积物输运过程已被充分研究的开放水域的条件下，更复杂的水力条件所创造的不同的冰条件，如部分冰盖或河流冰塞有一个未知的影响，泥沙输运。 为了解决增加我们的沉积物输运和河冰过程之间的相互作用的理解的总体目标，该计划将使用一个时间分辨断层粒子图像测速系统和免费的泥沙输运实验在一个较大的水槽的尖端实验相结合。 拟议的研究将包括两个研究主题，非常适合我过去的经验，并将利用现有的研究设施。长期目标是利用这一基础研究的结果和物理认识，定量评估和提高现有数学模型估计不同类型冰盖下泥沙输运率的能力。这将被纳入一个二维综合河冰数值模型在未来，这将是加拿大和国外的工程师的社会和经济意义。 在整个研究计划的过程中，共有10名HQP将接受培训，其中包括2名博士。学生，2名硕士生，5名本科生和1名技术员。他们将获得与河冰和泥沙运输所涉及的湍流条件的深入了解，这将转移到水利工程的任何领域，这将使他们能够在工程咨询公司，水电公司以及负责水资源工程的研究或政府机构中追求成功的职业生涯。 河冰对河流中的沉积物输运有着重大的影响，但人们对此知之甚少，这无疑会对环境产生负面影响，而我们目前却忽视了这一点。这项研究将为我们理解与冰塞和部分冰盖相关的复杂湍流条件提供一个重大飞跃，并将成为关注这一主题的第一个重大项目。由此产生的数学和数值模拟技术，以估计冰下的泥沙输运率将大大有助于制定更严格的环境影响报告，为即将到来的水力发电站和其他河流控制结构，并帮助我们更好地利用水资源作为一个国家。

In cold northern climates river ice can impact water bodies for nearly half of the year. The complex interaction between the local weather and hydraulic conditions has the potential to create many different types of ice, each of which have a different impact on sediment transport. Although sediment transport processes have been well-studied for open water conditions, the more complex hydraulic conditions created by different ice conditions such as a partial ice cover or a river ice jam have an unknown impact on sediment transport. To address the overall goal of increasing our understanding of the interaction between sediment transport and river ice processes, this program will use a combination of cutting-edge experiments with a time resolved tomographic particle image velocimetry system and complimentary sediment transport experiments in a larger flume. The proposed research will be comprised of two research themes that are well-suited to my past experience, and will leverage the current research facilities available. The long-term objective is to use the results and physical understanding from this fundamental research to quantitatively evaluate and improve the ability of existing mathematical models to estimate sediment transport rates under different types of ice covers. This will be incorporated into a two-dimensional comprehensive river ice numerical model in the future, which will be of social and economic significance to engineers within Canada and abroad. Throughout the course of this research program a total of 10 HQP will receive training, including 2 Ph.D. students, 2 M.Sc. students, 5 undergraduate students and 1 technician. They will acquire an advanced understanding of the turbulent flow conditions involved with river ice and sediment transport that will be transferrable to any area of hydraulic engineering which will allow them to pursue successful careers with engineering consulting companies, hydroelectric companies, and research or government agencies tasked with water resources engineering. River ice has a substantial, yet poorly understood, impact on sediment transport in rivers that will undoubtedly have negative environmental impacts which we currently ignore. This research will provide a significant leap forward in terms of our understanding of the complex turbulent flow conditions associated with ice jams and partial ice covers, and will represent the first major project focusing on this topic. The resulting mathematical and numerical modelling techniques to estimate sediment transport rates under ice will greatly assist with the development of more rigorous environmental impact statements for upcoming hydroelectric generating stations and other river control structures, and help us to be better water resource users as a nation.