Actual wastewater treatment using integrated advanced oxidation technologies and biological processes

我的研究目标是开发一种经济高效的综合高级氧化技术(AOTS)和生物工艺来处理实际复杂的废水，重点是酿酒废水(WWW)和糖果废水(CWW)。酿酒厂生产了大量的WWW。目前，WWW被直接送往城市污水处理厂(WWTP)进行联合处理，但由于存在多酚和杀虫剂等不可生物降解的有机物，它们在WWTP的生物系统中没有得到成功的处理。糖果、巧克力和口香糖制造商产生大量化学需氧量(COD)浓度高的CWW，其中许多人工甜味剂是不可生物降解的。这些有机物在WWW和CWW中的存在是一个主要的健康问题。到目前为止，这些废水缺乏有效的处理，这使得这一提议在同类中是独一无二的。由于单独的光化学或生物工艺在有效性或经济可行性方面的局限性，几乎没有一种工艺本身能够有效地适用于处理此类废水。AOTS是一种产生高度有效的羟基自由基的物质，能迅速分解不可生物降解、有毒、抑制和顽固的有机物；然而，它们本身并不具有成本效益。在这项研究中，WWW和CWWs将使用适当的AOT进行预处理，以产生可生物降解/无毒的成分，然后在活性污泥生物反应器中进行处理。针对这些复杂工业废水的开发、优化、建模与模拟、流体力学、协同效应、经济分析以及组合AOTS和生物处理工艺的设计是本研究的主要目标。从长远来看，结果将导致具有成本效益的组合AOTS和生物工艺的应用，从而促进这些高效处理技术在工业废水处理厂的全面使用，以实现废物最小化和水的再利用。在这项研究中，将通过实验建立实际废水的动力学模型和降解速率。对一种新型的声光反应器进行了表征，并将其与UV/H_2O_2耦合用于废水的预处理。优化后的光化学工艺将与生物工艺相结合，要么是前处理，要么是后处理，或者两者兼有。还将首次开发一个非线性控制器来控制光反应器中的H_2O_2，使其残留在最小水平，同时使有机降解最大化。非线性控制器将使用可测量的参数，如pH值来开发。为了优化组合工艺，分析了总成本、降解率、在每个反应器中的停留时间、总体效率和协同效应。这些工艺将通过最小化总处理时间、总成本和污泥产量来优化，同时最大化污染物的总降解率。

The goal of my research is to develop a cost-effective integrated advanced oxidation technologies (AOTs) and biological processes for the treatment of actual complex wastewaters, focusing on winery wastewater (WWW) and confectionery wastewater (CWW). Wineries produce a large volume of WWWs. Currently; WWWs are directed to municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) for co-treatment, but they are not treated successfully within the WWTPs' biological systems due to the existence of non-biodegradable organics such as polyphenols and pesticides. Manufacturers of candy, chocolate and chewing gums produce large volumes of CWW with high chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations, in which many artificial sweeteners are non-biodegradable. The existence of these organics in WWW and CWW is a major health concern. To date, there is a lack of efficient treatment for these wastewaters, making this proposal unique in its kind. Due to the limitations of individual photochemical or biological processes in their effectiveness or economic feasibility, almost none is efficiently applicable on its own to treat such wastewaters. AOTs, generators of highly potent hydroxyl radicals, break down non-biodegradable, toxic, inhibitory and recalcitrant organics rapidly; however, they are not cost-effective on their own. In this research, WWW and CWWs will be pre-treated using appropriate AOTs to produce biodegradable/non-toxic components that are subsequently treated in an activated sludge bioreactor. The development, optimization, modeling and simulation, hydrodynamics, synergetic effects, economic analysis and the design of combined AOTs and bioprocesses for the treatment of these complex industrial wastewaters are main objectives of this research. Over the long-term, the results will lead to cost-effective applications of combined AOTs and biological processes so that the full-scale use of these high-efficient treatment technologies in industrial wastewater treatment plants is promoted for waste minimization and water reuse. In this research, kinetic models and degradation rates of actual wastewaters will be developed experimentally. A novel sonophotoreactor will be characterized and coupled with UV/H2O2 to be used for the wastewater pre-treatment. The optimized photochemical processes will be integrated with biological processes as either pretreatment, post-treatment or both. For the first time, a nonlinear controller will be also developed to control the H2O2 in the photoreactors so that its residuals are at a minimum level while the organic degradation is maximized. The nonlinear controller will be developed using measurable parameters such as pH. To optimize integrated processes, the total costs, degradation rates, residence time in each reactor, overall efficiency and synergetic effects are analyzed. These processes will be optimized by minimizing total treatment time, total costs, and sludge production while maximizing the overall degradation rates of pollutants.