Corrosion of steels in carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) combined with enhanced oil recovery (EOR) systems

在气候目标和更具吸引力的投资环境的推动下，全球范围内部署CCUS的研究势头正在增长。安全可靠地运输和利用二氧化碳的基础设施的可用性对CCUS的部署至关重要。阻碍CCUS实施的一个主要问题是在超临界二氧化碳(S-二氧化碳)条件下，水和其他杂质对建筑材料(MOC)的腐蚀。钢是CCUS-EOR系统中的主要金属有机碳，在S-CO2环境中，由于H2O、O2、SOx、H2S和NOx的存在，钢容易受到腐蚀。在过去的几十年里，数以百计的研究论文集中在研究钢在S-二氧化碳条件下的腐蚀。尽管已经开展了广泛的研究活动，而且仍在继续，但大多数研究活动是由孤立的研究小组完成的，无法有效和或高效地为制定通用的二氧化碳杂质和MOC选择标准做出贡献。所调查的腐蚀环境的复杂性和所获得的数据的多样性使得为CCUS行业制定实际操作标准具有极大的挑战性。该研究项目的长期目标是促进CCUS-EOR技术在加拿大能源领域的实施。为此，提出了两项具体的工作：1)面向数据的综述，包括现有的钢在S-CO2条件下三次采油中的腐蚀数据、被忽视的因素以及值得重新评估的相互矛盾的结论；2)各种金属有机化合物在模拟地层水中的腐蚀评价。

Research momentum for the CCUS deployment is growing globally driven by the climate goals and a more attractive investment environment. The availability of infrastructure to transport and utilize CO2 safely and reliably is essential for the deployment of CCUS. One major issue in delaying the CCUS implementation is the corrosion of materials of constructions (MOC) caused by water and other impurities under supercritical CO2 (S-CO2) conditions. Steels are the primary MOC in CCUS-EOR systems and are susceptible to corrosion in S-CO2 environments because of the presence of H2O, O2, SOx, H2S, and NOx. Hundreds of research papers have focused on studying the corrosion of steels under S-CO2 conditions in the past decades. Although extensive research activities have been done and are still on-going, most of them are done by isolated research groups and cannot be effectively and or efficiently contribute to the development of universal CO2 impurity and MOC selection standards. The complexity of the investigated corrosive environments and the diversity of as-obtained data make it highly challenging to develop practical operation standards for CCUS industries. The long-term goal of this research program is to promote the implementation of CCUS-EOR technologies in the Canadian energy sectors. To achieve this, two specific tasks are proposed: 1) a data-oriented review covering the existing corrosion data of steels in CCUS-EOR under S-CO2 conditions, factors which have been overlooked, and contradictory conclusions which are worth re-evaluating; 2) corrosion assessment of various MOCs in simulated formation water for CO2-EOR applications.