Actual wastewater treatment using integrated advanced oxidation technologies and biological processes

我的研究目标是开发一种具有成本效益的综合高级氧化技术（AOTs）和生物工艺，用于处理实际的复杂废水，重点是酿酒厂废水（WWW）和糖果废水（CWW）。酿酒厂生产大量的葡萄酒。目前;污水被直接送到城市污水处理厂（WWTPs）进行共处理，但由于存在不可生物降解的有机物，如多酚和农药，它们在城市污水处理厂的生物系统中无法成功处理。糖果、巧克力和口香糖制造商生产大量化学需氧量（COD）浓度高的CWW，其中许多人工甜味剂是不可生物降解的。这些有机物在WWW和CWW中的存在是一个主要的健康问题。迄今为止，缺乏对这些废水的有效处理，这使得这一建议在同类中是独一无二的。由于单个光化学或生物工艺的有效性或经济可行性的限制，几乎没有一种工艺能有效地单独适用于处理此类废水。AOTs是高效羟基自由基的产生者，能迅速分解不可生物降解的、有毒的、抑制性的和难降解的有机物；然而，它们本身并不具有成本效益。在本研究中，WWW和CWWs将使用适当的aot进行预处理，以产生可生物降解/无毒的成分，随后在活性污泥生物反应器中进行处理。开发、优化、建模与仿真、水动力学、协同效应、经济分析以及aot与生物工艺联合处理这些复杂工业废水的设计是本研究的主要目标。从长远来看，研究结果将导致aot和生物工艺相结合的成本效益应用，从而促进这些高效处理技术在工业废水处理厂的全面使用，以减少废物和水的再利用。在本研究中，动力学模型和降解率实际废水将建立实验。本文将对一种新型声光反应器进行表征，并将其与UV/H2O2耦合用于废水预处理。优化后的光化学过程将与生物过程相结合，作为前处理、后处理或两者兼而有之。本文还将首次开发一种非线性控制器来控制光反应器中的H2O2，使其残留量最小，同时最大限度地实现有机降解。非线性控制器将使用可测量的参数（如ph）来开发。为了优化集成过程，分析了总成本、降解率、每个反应器的停留时间、总体效率和协同效应。这些过程将通过最大限度地减少总处理时间、总成本和污泥产量，同时最大限度地提高污染物的总体降解率来优化。

The goal of my research is to develop a cost-effective integrated advanced oxidation technologies (AOTs) and biological processes for the treatment of actual complex wastewaters, focusing on winery wastewater (WWW) and confectionery wastewater (CWW). Wineries produce a large volume of WWWs. Currently; WWWs are directed to municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) for co-treatment, but they are not treated successfully within the WWTPs' biological systems due to the existence of non-biodegradable organics such as polyphenols and pesticides. Manufacturers of candy, chocolate and chewing gums produce large volumes of CWW with high chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations, in which many artificial sweeteners are non-biodegradable. The existence of these organics in WWW and CWW is a major health concern. To date, there is a lack of efficient treatment for these wastewaters, making this proposal unique in its kind. Due to the limitations of individual photochemical or biological processes in their effectiveness or economic feasibility, almost none is efficiently applicable on its own to treat such wastewaters. AOTs, generators of highly potent hydroxyl radicals, break down non-biodegradable, toxic, inhibitory and recalcitrant organics rapidly; however, they are not cost-effective on their own. In this research, WWW and CWWs will be pre-treated using appropriate AOTs to produce biodegradable/non-toxic components that are subsequently treated in an activated sludge bioreactor. The development, optimization, modeling and simulation, hydrodynamics, synergetic effects, economic analysis and the design of combined AOTs and bioprocesses for the treatment of these complex industrial wastewaters are main objectives of this research. Over the long-term, the results will lead to cost-effective applications of combined AOTs and biological processes so that the full-scale use of these high-efficient treatment technologies in industrial wastewater treatment plants is promoted for waste minimization and water reuse. In this research, kinetic models and degradation rates of actual wastewaters will be developed experimentally. A novel sonophotoreactor will be characterized and coupled with UV/H2O2 to be used for the wastewater pre-treatment. The optimized photochemical processes will be integrated with biological processes as either pretreatment, post-treatment or both. For the first time, a nonlinear controller will be also developed to control the H2O2 in the photoreactors so that its residuals are at a minimum level while the organic degradation is maximized. The nonlinear controller will be developed using measurable parameters such as pH. To optimize integrated processes, the total costs, degradation rates, residence time in each reactor, overall efficiency and synergetic effects are analyzed. These processes will be optimized by minimizing total treatment time, total costs, and sludge production while maximizing the overall degradation rates of pollutants.