CO2 Capture and storage assessment for stelco's Lake Erie facility

2021年7月，加拿大政府向联合国提交了国家自主贡献，承诺到2030年将温室气体排放量（GHG）比2005年减少40-45%，并到2050年实现净零排放。Stelco的综合炼钢路线是生产支持加拿大经济和向绿色技术过渡所需的高质量钢铁的最有效方法。然而，这种方法需要使用碳作为铁矿石的还原剂。一部分温室气体排放无法通过现有技术避免。虽然Stelco考虑了多种长期减少碳足迹的方法，但碳捕获和储存（CCS）是实现短期温室气体减排目标的重要方法，同时突破性技术正在开发中。然而，目前尚不清楚CCS在安大略西南部的技术、经济和监管可行性。虽然初步研究表明Haldimand-Norfolk作为长期地质固碳地点的潜力，但尚未进行深入的地质技术审查或建模，以评估长期固碳的能力和适宜性。CCS的经济可行性以及CCS技术与Stelco复杂工业流程的最佳结合也不清楚。最后，在安大略CCS的监管框架以及公众的看法和必要的利益相关者参与方面也存在不确定性。为了解决这些不确定性，Stelco与滑铁卢大学的多学科研究人员团队合作，他们在CCS和政策决策方面具有专业知识。通过先进的建模技术，CO2储存研究将从容量和储层完整性方面描述上述储存地点的特征，并制定注入/监测战略。CO2捕获研究的目的是估计CCS与Stelco业务结合后的经济性。其他目标是为安大略如何制定CCS框架提供政策建议，并为利益相关者围绕这一框架的参与提供政策设计和战略建议。

On July 2021, the Canadian government has submitted to the UN its Nationally Determined Contribution, committing Canada to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) by 40-45% below 2005 levels by 2030, and to be net-zero by 2050. Stelco's integrated steelmaking route is the most efficient method of producing the high-quality steel required to support Canada's economy and the transition to green technologies. However, this process requires the use of carbon as a reductant for iron ore. A portion of the GHG emissions cannot be avoided with currently available technologies. While Stelco considers multiple approaches to reduce its carbon footprint in the long term, carbon capture and storage (CCS) is an important approach to address the shorter-term GHG reduction goals while breakthrough technologies are under development. However, it is currently unclear as to the technical, economic and regulatory feasibility of CCS in Southwestern Ontario. While initial studies have indicated the potential of Haldimand-Norfolk as a location for long term geological sequestration, no in-depth geotechnical review or modelling has been conducted to evaluate the capacity and suitability for long-term carbon sequestration. It is also unclear as to the economic feasibility of CCS, and the optimum integration of CCS technologies into Stelco's complex industrial processes. Finally, there are also uncertainties related to regulatory frameworks for CCS in Ontario and to public perception and necessary stakeholder engagement. To address those uncertainties, Stelco has partnered with a multidisciplinary team of researchers from the University of Waterloo with expertise in CCS and policy decision making. Through advanced modelling techniques, the CO2 storage study will characterize the above mentioned storage site in terms of its capacity and reservoir integrity, and develop an injection/monitoring strategy. The objective of the CO2 capture study is to estimate the economics of CCS when integrated with Stelco's operations. Other objectives are to provide policy recommendations for how Ontario might develop a CCS framework, and to provide recommendations for policy design and strategies for stakeholder engagement around such framework.