Actual wastewater treatment using integrated advanced oxidation technologies and biological processes

我的研究目标是开发一种具有成本效益的集成高级氧化技术（AOTs）和生物工艺，用于处理实际复杂的废水，重点是酿酒厂废水（WWW）和糖果废水（CWW）。酿酒厂生产大量的WWW。目前; WWW被引导到城市污水处理厂（WWTP）进行共处理，但是由于存在不可生物降解的有机物（例如多酚和杀虫剂），它们在WWTP的生物系统内没有被成功地处理。糖果、巧克力和口香糖制造商生产大量化学需氧量（COD）浓度高的CWW，其中许多人工甜味剂是不可生物降解的。WWW和CWW中这些有机物的存在是一个主要的健康问题。到目前为止，这些废水缺乏有效的处理，这使得该提案在同类中独一无二。由于单个光化学或生物方法在其有效性或经济可行性方面的限制，几乎没有一种方法可以有效地单独应用于处理此类废水。AOT是高效羟基自由基的产生者，可快速分解不可生物降解、有毒、抑制性和难降解的有机物;然而，它们本身并不具有成本效益。在这项研究中，WWW和CWWs将使用适当的AOT进行预处理，以产生可生物降解/无毒的成分，随后在活性污泥生物反应器中进行处理。开发，优化，建模和模拟，流体力学，协同效应，经济分析和设计的组合AOT和生物工艺处理这些复杂的工业废水是本研究的主要目标。从长远来看，这些结果将导致AOT和生物工艺相结合的成本效益应用，从而促进这些高效处理技术在工业废水处理厂的全面使用，以实现废物最小化和水的再利用。在本研究中，动力学模型和实际废水的降解率将实验开发。一种新型的声光反应器将被表征，并与UV/H2 O2耦合用于废水预处理。优化的光化学过程将与生物过程集成为预处理，后处理或两者兼而有之。第一次，还将开发一个非线性控制器来控制光反应器中的H2 O2，使其残留量处于最低水平，而有机物降解最大化。非线性控制器将开发使用可测量的参数，如pH值。为了优化集成过程，总成本，降解率，在每个反应器中的停留时间，整体效率和协同效应进行了分析。这些过程将通过最大限度地减少总处理时间，总成本和污泥产量，同时最大限度地提高污染物的整体降解率来优化。

The goal of my research is to develop a cost-effective integrated advanced oxidation technologies (AOTs) and biological processes for the treatment of actual complex wastewaters, focusing on winery wastewater (WWW) and confectionery wastewater (CWW). Wineries produce a large volume of WWWs. Currently; WWWs are directed to municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) for co-treatment, but they are not treated successfully within the WWTPs' biological systems due to the existence of non-biodegradable organics such as polyphenols and pesticides. Manufacturers of candy, chocolate and chewing gums produce large volumes of CWW with high chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations, in which many artificial sweeteners are non-biodegradable. The existence of these organics in WWW and CWW is a major health concern. To date, there is a lack of efficient treatment for these wastewaters, making this proposal unique in its kind. Due to the limitations of individual photochemical or biological processes in their effectiveness or economic feasibility, almost none is efficiently applicable on its own to treat such wastewaters. AOTs, generators of highly potent hydroxyl radicals, break down non-biodegradable, toxic, inhibitory and recalcitrant organics rapidly; however, they are not cost-effective on their own. In this research, WWW and CWWs will be pre-treated using appropriate AOTs to produce biodegradable/non-toxic components that are subsequently treated in an activated sludge bioreactor. The development, optimization, modeling and simulation, hydrodynamics, synergetic effects, economic analysis and the design of combined AOTs and bioprocesses for the treatment of these complex industrial wastewaters are main objectives of this research. Over the long-term, the results will lead to cost-effective applications of combined AOTs and biological processes so that the full-scale use of these high-efficient treatment technologies in industrial wastewater treatment plants is promoted for waste minimization and water reuse. In this research, kinetic models and degradation rates of actual wastewaters will be developed experimentally. A novel sonophotoreactor will be characterized and coupled with UV/H2O2 to be used for the wastewater pre-treatment. The optimized photochemical processes will be integrated with biological processes as either pretreatment, post-treatment or both. For the first time, a nonlinear controller will be also developed to control the H2O2 in the photoreactors so that its residuals are at a minimum level while the organic degradation is maximized. The nonlinear controller will be developed using measurable parameters such as pH. To optimize integrated processes, the total costs, degradation rates, residence time in each reactor, overall efficiency and synergetic effects are analyzed. These processes will be optimized by minimizing total treatment time, total costs, and sludge production while maximizing the overall degradation rates of pollutants.