Advanced anaerobic biotechnologies for transformation of municipal solid organic waste to (bio)chemicals

有效管理城市固体废物对保护公众健康和确保环境可持续性至关重要。在加拿大，垃圾填埋是废物处理的主要方法，这可能导致不利的健康和环境影响，包括形成有毒气体、排放温室气体和污染地下环境。为了解决这些问题，加拿大各地的市政当局制定了零废物目标，到2030年至2040年将有机废物从垃圾填埋场转移出去。这激发了人们对开发可持续管理城市固体废物（食物废物、花园废物、纸张等）有机部分技术的兴趣，这些部分占已处置废物的30-40%。厌氧生物技术提供了同时处理和回收有机废物中高价值产品的双重优势，因此是应对这一挑战最有希望的解决方案之一。提出的研究重点是厌氧生物技术的发展，将固体有机废物转化为高价值的化学品，如羧酸盐。羧酸盐是工业上重要的化学品，目前由不可再生的石化产品生产。因此，有机废物厌氧转化为羧酸盐为有机废物管理建立了一个环境友好的过程，并将环境责任（有机废物）转化为加拿大的经济机会。目前将有机废物转化为羧酸盐的厌氧工艺存在以下主要缺点：1)有机物降解率低；2)由于反应器设计不合适，需要对有机物进行预处理和稀释；3)缺乏捕获羧酸盐生产过程中产生的二氧化碳的措施。拟议的研究将解决这些关键缺陷，以促进可持续的废物衍生羧酸生产。申请人将追求实现这些目标的三个关键目标：i)设计一种新型干发酵罐（DF），内置技术加速废物降解率和羧酸盐的生产；ii)开发一种微生物电合成（MES）系统，将DF中产生的二氧化碳随后转化为羧酸盐，以最大限度地提高有机废物中羧酸盐的产量；iii)对DF和MES中的生物系统（微生物种群）的基本了解和优化，以进一步提高羧酸盐的生产。为可持续的有机废物管理创造高效经济的解决方案。该研究项目还将通过提供先进的分析技术和最先进的废物资源回收生物技术的实践培训，培养可持续废物管理领域的下一代高素质人才（HQP）。HQP将引领这一领域的创新，并将加拿大置于快速增长的清洁技术市场的前沿。

Effective management of municipal solid waste (MSW) is vital for protecting public health and ensuring environmental sustainability. Landfilling of waste is the primary method of waste disposal in Canada, which can lead to adverse health and environmental effects, including formation of toxic gases, greenhouse gas emissions and pollution of subsurface environment. To address these issues, municipalities across Canada have set a zero-waste target to divert organic waste from landfills by 2030-2040. This has spurred interest in the development of technologies for sustainable management of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (food waste, garden waste, paper, etc.), which accounts for 30-40% of the waste disposed. Anaerobic biotechnologies provide dual advantage of simultaneous treatment and recovery of high-value products from organic waste and are therefore amongst the most promising solutions to this challenge. The proposed research focuses on the development of anaerobic biotechnologies for the conversion of solid organic waste to high-value chemicals such as carboxylates. Carboxylates are industrially important chemicals and are currently produced from non-renewable petrochemicals. Thus, anaerobic transformation of organic waste to carboxylates establishes an environmentally benign process for organic waste management and turns an environmental liability (organic waste) into an economic opportunity for Canada. The current anaerobic processes for conversion of organic waste to carboxylates suffers from the following major drawbacks: i) low degradation rate of the organic matter, ii) necessity of pre-treatment and dilution of organics due to unsuitable reactor designs and iii) lack of measures to capture carbon dioxide (CO2) generated during carboxylates production. The proposed research will address these critical drawbacks to advance sustainable, waste-derived carboxylates production. The applicant will pursue three key objectives to meet these goals: i) engineer a novel dry fermenter (DF) with an in-built technology for accelerating waste degradation rates and carboxylates production, ii) develop a microbial electrosynthesis (MES) system for subsequent conversion of CO2 generated in DF to carboxylates, to maximize carboxylates yield from organic waste and iii) fundamental understanding and optimization of the biological system (microbial populations) in DF and MES to further enhance carboxylate production, and create a highly effective and economical solution for sustainable organic waste management. This research program will also produce the next generation of highly qualified personnel (HQP) in the field of sustainable waste management by providing hands-on training on advanced analytical techniques and state of the art biotechnologies for resource recovery from waste. The HQP will lead innovation in this area and place Canada at the forefront in the fast-growing clean technology market.