Resilient Northern Civil Infrastructure: Geohazard Effects within a Changing Climate

气候变化影响了加拿大北部地区，已观察到永久冻土融化，导致基础设施恶化和景观变化。对历史气候记录和当前工程框架的依赖极有可能导致北方民用基础设施（如道路、桥梁、涵洞）的暴露和脆弱性增加。这可能会影响资产的性能，造成经济损失；也可能会影响资产的完整性，造成人身伤害或生命损失。例如，育空地区无永久冻土地区的公路维护平均每年成本为4,000美元/公里，相比之下，破坏湾和美国边境之间受永久冻土退化影响的200公里高速公路的维护成本为30,000美元/公里（每年600万美元）。该研究计划的长期目标是推进线性土木基础设施系统（如道路、桥梁、涵洞）在气候变化背景下受地质灾害影响的工程实践。为了实现这一愿景，互补的短期目标将通过推进新的工具来解决当前工程实践中的差距和不足，这些工具可以(1)识别、监测和表征地质灾害（如面积范围、地面移动速度），(2)监测和估计基础设施的当前状态或状况（如过度偏斜、裂缝或碎片），(3)预测未来的基础设施性能（如随着时间的推移融化沉降的大小）并评估适应措施（如改变路堤设计实践）。研究成果将为弹性基础设施的设计、管理和适应性开发具有前瞻性的工程最佳实践奠定技术基础，从而能够在更明智的决策框架内有效地应对地质灾害。

Climate change has impacted Canada's northern regions with observed permafrost thaw resulting in infrastructure deterioration and landscape transformations. Reliance on the historical climate record and current engineering framework will most likely lead to increased exposure and vulnerability of northern civil infrastructure (e.g. roads, bridges, culverts). This may impact asset performance resulting in economic losses, and may impact asset integrity that could cause personal injury or loss of life. For example, the average annual cost of highway maintenance in permafrost free regions of the Yukon is $4,000/km, which, in contrast, is $30,000/km ($6 million per year) for a 200 km segment of highway between Destruction Bay and the U.S. border affected by permafrost degradation.The long-term goal of this research program is the advancement of engineering practice for the performance assessment of linear civil infrastructure systems (e.g. roads, bridges, culverts) subject to geohazards with an emphasis on northern communities in context of a changing climate. To achieve this vision, complementary short-term objectives will address current gaps and deficiencies in current engineering practice by advancing new tools that can (1) identify, monitor and characterize geohazards (e.g. areal extent, rate of ground movement), (2) monitor and estimate the current state or condition of the infrastructure (e.g. excessive deflection, cracks, or spalls), and (3) predict future infrastructure performance (e.g. magnitude of thaw settlement over time) and evaluate adaptation practices (e.g. changing embankment design practices). The research outcomes will establish a technical basis to develop forward looking engineering best practices in design, management and adaptation of resilient infrastructure that can effectively address geohazards within a more informed decision-making framework.