Investigating the Impact of River Ice on Sediment Transport Processes

在寒冷的北方气候中，河冰一年中有近一半的时间会影响水体。当地天气和水力条件之间的复杂相互作用有可能形成许多不同类型的冰，每一种冰对沉积物输送的影响都不同。虽然在开阔水域条件下，泥沙输移过程已经得到了很好的研究，但不同冰况(如部分冰盖或河流冰塞)所产生的更复杂的水力条件对泥沙输移的影响是未知的。为了达到增加我们对泥沙输送和河冰过程之间相互作用的理解的总体目标，本计划将结合使用具有时间分辨率的层析粒子图像测速系统的前沿实验和在更大的水槽中进行的泥沙输送实验。拟议的研究将包括两个研究主题，这两个主题非常适合我过去的经验，并将利用现有的研究设施。长期目标是利用这一基础研究的结果和物理理解，定量评估和改进现有数学模型估计不同类型冰盖下泥沙运移速率的能力。这将被纳入未来的二维综合河冰数值模式，这将对加拿大国内外的工程师具有社会和经济意义。在整个研究过程中，共有10名HQP将接受培训，其中包括2名博士生，2名硕士研究生。学生，5名本科生和1名技术人员。他们将对河冰和泥沙输送所涉及的湍流条件有更深入的了解，这些了解将转移到任何水利工程领域，使他们能够在工程咨询公司、水电公司和负责水资源工程的研究或政府机构追求成功的职业生涯。河冰对河流泥沙输送有重大但知之甚少的影响，这无疑会对环境产生负面影响，而我们目前忽视了这一影响。这项研究将在我们理解与冰塞和部分冰盖相关的复杂湍流条件方面取得重大飞跃，并将是关注这一主题的第一个重大项目。由此产生的估算冰下泥沙输移率的数学和数值模拟技术将极大地有助于为即将到来的水电站和其他河流控制结构制定更严格的环境影响声明，并帮助我们成为一个更好的水资源使用者。

In cold northern climates river ice can impact water bodies for nearly half of the year. The complex interaction between the local weather and hydraulic conditions has the potential to create many different types of ice, each of which have a different impact on sediment transport. Although sediment transport processes have been well-studied for open water conditions, the more complex hydraulic conditions created by different ice conditions such as a partial ice cover or a river ice jam have an unknown impact on sediment transport. To address the overall goal of increasing our understanding of the interaction between sediment transport and river ice processes, this program will use a combination of cutting-edge experiments with a time resolved tomographic particle image velocimetry system and complimentary sediment transport experiments in a larger flume. The proposed research will be comprised of two research themes that are well-suited to my past experience, and will leverage the current research facilities available. The long-term objective is to use the results and physical understanding from this fundamental research to quantitatively evaluate and improve the ability of existing mathematical models to estimate sediment transport rates under different types of ice covers. This will be incorporated into a two-dimensional comprehensive river ice numerical model in the future, which will be of social and economic significance to engineers within Canada and abroad. Throughout the course of this research program a total of 10 HQP will receive training, including 2 Ph.D. students, 2 M.Sc. students, 5 undergraduate students and 1 technician. They will acquire an advanced understanding of the turbulent flow conditions involved with river ice and sediment transport that will be transferrable to any area of hydraulic engineering which will allow them to pursue successful careers with engineering consulting companies, hydroelectric companies, and research or government agencies tasked with water resources engineering.River ice has a substantial, yet poorly understood, impact on sediment transport in rivers that will undoubtedly have negative environmental impacts which we currently ignore. This research will provide a significant leap forward in terms of our understanding of the complex turbulent flow conditions associated with ice jams and partial ice covers, and will represent the first major project focusing on this topic. The resulting mathematical and numerical modelling techniques to estimate sediment transport rates under ice will greatly assist with the development of more rigorous environmental impact statements for upcoming hydroelectric generating stations and other river control structures, and help us to be better water resource users as a nation.