Climate change design adaptation for the next generation of Canada's masonry systems

2018年，加拿大标准协会(CSA)进行的气候变化适应标准清单分析的结果表明，洞壁设计需要紧急的气候变化适应条款。空心墙的损坏通常是由于内部承重混凝土砌块构件的干燥收缩导致的过度差异运动，预计会随着气候变化而增加，在外部粘土砖贴面产生裂缝并影响耐久性-然而，测试数据仍然稀缺，阻碍了现代空心墙系统的气候适应和循证设计的开发，而规范对能源效率设定了越来越高的标准。这项研究是与加拿大砖石设计中心(CMDC)和加拿大混凝土砖石生产商协会(CCMPA)合作进行的，这些都是加拿大砖石生产商和设计师公认的领导者和参考资料，由砖石行业推动，以配合6 CSA砖石标准的开发周期，并将重点关注在气候变化引起的极端温度、风和湿度暴露下使用更宽的空腔所带来的设计挑战和结构影响。将完成小规模机械/环境试验和数值模拟，以协助根据气候变化的实际情况，使目前的工业做法和以代码为基础的设计价值和做法现代化。拟议的研究将首次以全面和连贯的方式对标准和适应气候变化的空腔墙部件在环境和结构载荷条件下的性能进行实验表征，这对于评估基于证据的气候适应设计备选方案的适宜性至关重要。根据加拿大在《巴黎协定》、《联合国可持续发展议程》、《仙台降低风险框架》等项下的承诺，预期成果将有助于提高新砖石建筑的复原力和可持续性，同时保障砖石行业的未来，这是一组通过建筑、翻新和拆除工作代表加拿大经济8%的行业。

In 2018, the results of a Climate Change Adaptation Standards Inventory Analysis conducted by the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) indicated cavity-wall design as requiring urgent climate change adaptation provisions. Distress in cavity-walls is often attributed to excessive differential movements governed by the drying shrinkage of inner loadbearing concrete masonry members, projected to increase with climate change, producing cracks in outer clay brick veneer and compromising durability - test data are, however, still scarce, preventing climate-adapted and evidence-based design of modern cavity-wall systems from being developed, while codes set increasingly high standards for energy efficiency. This research, conducted in partnership with the Canada Masonry Design Centre (CMDC) and the Canadian Concrete Masonry Producers Association (CCMPA) - recognized leaders and references for masonry producers and designers in Canada - is being driven by the masonry industry to coincide with the development cycle of the 6 CSA masonry standards, and will focus on the design challenges and structural implications related to the use of wider cavities under climate change-induced extremes in temperature, wind, and moisture exposure. Small-scale mechanical/environmental tests and numerical modelling will be completed to assist in the modernization of current industry practices and code-based design values and practices for the realities of climate change. The proposed study will be the first to characterize experimentally, in a comprehensive and coherent manner, the performance of standard and climate change-adapted cavity-wall components under both environmental and structural loading conditions, vital for assessing the suitability of evidence-based climate-adapted design options. Expected outcomes will contribute to improve the resilience and sustainability of new masonry buildings, in line with Canada's commitments under e.g. the Paris Agreement, the United Nation's Agenda of Sustainable Development, the Sendai Framework for Risk Reduction, while safeguarding the future of masonry industry, a group of trades representing 8% of the Canadian economy through construction, renovation and deconstruction work.