Situational Awareness for Community-Based Resilience to Disasters and Climate Change

灾害和气候变化影响到全世界数百万人，每年造成数十亿美元的损失，并损害可持续发展的努力。它们是特别有害的问题，因为贫穷和边缘化社区往往受影响最大，在灾后恢复过程中也最困难。建立社会对灾害和气候变化的适应能力是加拿大政府的一个主要优先事项。作为政府对2030年联合国可持续发展目标（加拿大政府2018年）的贡献的一部分，加拿大承诺在国内外建设安全、有弹性和可持续的城市和人类住区。我将通过这项研究项目调查的技术支持灾害和气候风险识别、风险沟通、影响评估和响应协调，是理解和管理这些复杂挑战的社会努力的核心。工具和信息系统的改进提高了我们预防、减轻和应对灾难和气候变化影响的能力，将帮助加拿大和世界各地无数的人。本研究项目将危机信息学和以人为本设计的方法和理论应用于情境感知的挑战，情境感知是应急管理的核心概念，描述了人们如何集体感知和协调应对危机。态势感知的框架将灾害管理中使用的各种用例和信息通信技术（ict）整合到一个既全面又易于处理的项目中。通过关注社区的具体信息需求，本研究将回应危机信息学中强调非正式应对灾害重要性的研究结果。我将开发和评估新的移动技术，并对信息通信技术如何支持社区减轻灾害和气候变化影响并从中恢复的能力提供新的理解。总而言之，该计划将开发和实施一种全新的灾难信息通信技术设计。它：1)将面临风险和受影响的社区视为知识渊博和足智多谋的；2)考虑到用户多样化的信息需求；3)认识到紧急反应小组的重要性，以及民间技术组织在协调这些小组与政府和人道主义部门的官方灾难反应实体方面可以发挥的作用。灾害和气候变化提供了复杂而重要的现实世界环境，以推动围绕与计算的社会和环境影响相关的HCI核心问题的理论议程。因此，该项目也将有助于可持续HCI、社会计算和社会设计等领域的研究。

Disasters and climate change affect millions of people around the world, causing billions of dollars in damages annually and harming efforts towards sustainable development. They are especially pernicious problems in that poor and marginalized communities are often the most affected, and struggle the most to recover in the aftermath. Building societal resilience to disasters and climate change is a major priority of the Canadian government. As part of the government's contributions to the 2030 UN Sustainable Development Goal (Government of Canada 2018), Canada has committed to making cities and human settlements, both at home and abroad, safe, resilient, and sustainable. The technologies I will investigate through this research program support disaster and climate risk identification, risk communication, impact assessment, and response coordination and are central to societal efforts to understand and manage these complex challenges. Improvements to the tools and information systems that improve our ability to prevent, mitigate, and respond to the impacts of disaster and climate change stand to help innumerable people in Canada and around the world. This research program applies methods and theory from crisis informatics and human-centered design to the challenge of situational awareness, a core concept in emergency management that describes how people collectively perceive and coordinate response to crisis. The framing of situational awareness draws together diverse use cases and information and communication technologies (ICTs) used in disaster management into a program that is both comprehensive and tractable. By focusing on the specific information needs of communities, this research will respond to findings in crisis informatics that stress the importance of informal response to disaster. I will develop and evaluate novel mobile technologies as well as contribute new understandings how ICTs can support communities' ability to mitigate and recover from disasters and the impacts of climate change. In sum, this program will develop and implement a fundamentally new disposition towards the design of ICTs in disaster. It: 1) treats at-risk and affected communities as knowledgeable and resourceful; 2) accounts for the diverse information needs of users; and 3) recognizes the importance of emergent response groups and the role of civic technology organizations can play in coordinating between such groups and official disaster response entities in government and the humanitarian sector. Disasters and climate change provide complex and important real-world settings to advance the theoretical agenda around core concerns in HCI related to the social and environmental impacts of computing. This program will therefore also contribute to research in areas such as sustainable HCI, social computing, and social design.