Next Generation of Ultra-Fast Chargers for Electrified Transportation

交通运输是加拿大第二大温室气体排放源。克服这些挑战的有希望的解决方案之一是零排放车辆，如电池电动汽车（BEV）。社会广泛采用电动汽车（EV）的主要障碍是充电时间，范围焦虑和缺乏充电基础设施。充电基础设施是主要障碍之一，因为它对其他障碍有很大影响。如果没有遍布全国的低成本电动汽车充电站，里程焦虑和充电时间就无法解决。低功率电动汽车充电器安装在车辆内部，需要连接到电源插座。然而，充电时间可能长达几个小时。超快速电动汽车充电器是一种高功率充电器，其中能量直接馈送到电池，可以将充电时间缩短到几分钟。由于大功率充电器对配电网络的负面影响，它们不能安装在家里，特别是对于居住在没有指定停车位的公寓/住宅中的个人。因此，有必要在城市和高速公路上安装大量的超快速电动汽车充电站，并解决充电时间和范围焦虑，特别是长途旅行。最先进的超快速充电器需要通过工频变压器将中压（MV）交流转换为低压（LV）交流。这种结构的主要挑战是高成本和尺寸，以及由于庞大且昂贵的工频Transformer而导致的低效率。为了克服这些挑战，MV连接的超快充电器是一种解决方案，与LV连接的充电解决方案相比，它在成本、效率和尺寸方面都有显着改进。长期研究旨在为电气化运输开发高功率超快速充电系统，包括电动汽车，轻型/重型商用车，越野车，电动船和更多/所有电动飞机。这有助于克服采用电动交通的障碍，促进清洁交通。该研究计划的短期目标是开发和原型化超快速充电站，以取代现有的加油站，同时提高整个系统的整体效率，成本，功率密度和电能质量。该研究计划将在多个技术领域创造创新，包括功率架构和拓扑结构，半导体器件，先进的磁性和高性能控制。预计该研究计划的理论成果和成功实施将为下一代电气化运输引入新技术和产品以及熟练的HQP。这些技术将有助于促进加拿大电动汽车普及率的增长，并显着减少温室气体排放。

Transportation is the second-largest source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Canada. One of the promising solutions to overcome these challenges is zero-emission vehicles such as Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV). The main barriers regarding wide electric vehicle (EV) adoption by society are charging time, range anxiety, and lack of charging infrastructures. The charging infrastructure is one of the main barriers since it significantly affects the other barriers. Without low-cost EV charging stations across the country, range anxiety and charging time cannot be addressed. The low-power EV chargers are mounted inside the vehicle and require to be connected to the power outlets. However, the charging time can take up to several hours. Ultra-fast EV chargers are the high-power chargers in which energy is fed directly to the batteries and can reduce the charging time as low as few minutes. Due to the negative affect of high-power chargers on distribution networks, they cannot be installed at home and specially for the individuals living in apartments/homes without designated parking spaces. Therefore, having a large number of ultra-fast EV charging stations is a necessity to be installed across the cities and highways, and address the charging time and range anxiety especially for long-distance trips. State of the art ultra-fast chargers require to convert medium-voltage (MV) ac to low-voltage (LV) ac through line-frequency transformers. The main challenges of this structure are high cost and size, and low efficiency due to the bulky and expensive line-frequency transformer. To overcome these challenges, an MV-connected ultra-fast charger is a solution that leads to significant improvements in terms of cost, efficiency, and size in comparison to LV-connected charging solution. The long-term research aims to develop high-power ultra-fast charging systems for electrified transportation including electric cars, light/heavy commercial vehicles, off-road vehicles, electric ships, and more/all electric aircrafts. This enables to overcome barriers to electric transportation adoption and promote clean transportation. The short-term objective of this research program is to develop and prototype ultra-fast charging station, as a replacement of present gasoline station, while improving overall efficiency, cost, power density, and power quality of the overall system. This research program will create innovation in several technical areas including power architectures and topologies, semiconductor devices, advanced magnetics, and high performance control. It is expected that the theoretical results and the successful implementation of this research program introduce new technologies and products and skilled HQP for the next generation of electrified transportation. These technologies will help to facilitate the growth of EV adoption in Canada and provide a significant reduction in GHG emissions.