Optimal strategies for integrating waste-to-energy conversion with CO2 capture and utilization (CCU)

利用CO2作为商品生产增值产品是寻求减少温室气体排放并帮助各国履行其环境承诺的工业工厂的一个有趣的选择。然而，这些系统的经济性能和环境效益面临重大挑战。这些挑战分为三类：1）碳捕获成本可以与CO2转化成本相媲美。有必要开发替代方法来降低碳捕获能耗和成本。2)电解制氢占CCU生产成本的70%。开发降低氢成本的新战略至关重要。3)CCU产品的竞争力：甲醇是CCU研究中众所周知的化合物。然而，其商业可行性将要求最低销售价格约为当前市场价格的三倍（或相当于每吨所用二氧化碳300 - 700美元的所需碳缓解信用额）。因此，必须通过开发替代化学品和其他产品来弥补这一资金缺口。该研究计划的主要目标是通过多个研究项目来解决这些挑战，以设计与城市固体废物（MSW）转化和天然气重整相结合的新型CCUS工艺。三个主要阶段包括拟议的研究计划：1。新型CO2捕集技术：我们将通过设计新型一体化汽提CO2捕集系统，专注于降低能耗。2.开发有效的负碳合成气生产：将设计各种技术来降低合成气生产的成本和碳足迹，这对许多CCU产品至关重要。第一种方法是基于有效的城市固体废物干燥和气化利用微波加热的发展。第二种方法涉及开发三种天然气转化技术：1）电气化三重整和沼气重整。2)通电分解甲烷。3)和带电逆水煤气变换反应。由于缺乏对这些概念的预先研究，将对反应器进行严格的CFD模拟。使用三维建模方法的详细设计需要深入的数值模拟技术，该技术连接多个多物理学科，如传热，反应，电磁学和固体力学。将研究许多加热方法，包括电阻、感应和微波。3.创新CCU产品：开发包括聚合物、燃料、乙醇、DME和肥料等各种CO2产品的最佳配置是本研究计划的最后阶段。将引入可行的选择，以最大限度地发挥城市固体废物、CCU和天然气之间的协同作用，并创建最佳的产品组合。

Utilizing CO2 as a commodity to produce value-added products is an intriguing option for industrial plants looking to reduce GHG emissions and help countries to meet their environmental commitments. However, there are significant challenges to such systems' economic performance and environmental benefits. These challenges are divided into three categories: 1) The carbon capture cost that can be comparable to the cost of CO2 conversion. It is necessary to develop alternative methods for reducing carbon capture energy consumption and cost. 2) Hydrogen production via electrolysis accounts for up to 70% of CCU production costs. Development of new strategies for lowering the cost of hydrogen is critical. 3) Competitiveness of the CCU products: Methanol is a well-known compound in CCU studies. However, its commercial viability would require a minimum selling price approximately three times current market prices (or the equivalent of a required carbon mitigation credit of $300-$700 per tonne of utilized CO2). As a result, it is critical to close this financial gap through the development of alternative chemicals and other products. The primary objective of this research program is to address these challenges through multiple research projects to design novel CCUS processes that are integrated with municipal solid waste (MSW) conversion and natural gas reforming. Three major stages comprise the proposed research program: 1. Novel CO2 capture technologies: We will focus on reducing energy consumption by designing a novel integrated stripping CO2 capture system. 2. Development of effective carbon-negative syngas production: Various technologies will be designed to reduce the cost and carbon footprint of syngas production, essential for many CCU products. The first approach is based on the development of effective MSW drying and gasification using microwave heating. The second approach involves developing three natural gas conversion technologies: 1) Electrified Tri-reforming and biogas reforming. 2) Electrified methane decomposition. 3) and Electrified reverse-water-gas shift reaction. Due to the scarcity of prior research on these concepts, a rigorous CFD simulation of the reactor will be conducted. Detail design using a three-dimensional modelling approach requires an in-depth numerical simulation technique that connects multiple Multiphysics disciplines, such as heat transfer, reaction, electromagnetics, and solid mechanics. Numerous heating methods will be investigated, including resistance, induction, and microwave. 3. Innovative CCU products: The development of an optimal configuration that comprises a wide range of CO2 products such as polymers, fuels, ethanol, DME, and fertilizers is the last stage of this research program. Viable options in order to maximize the synergies between MSW, CCU, and natural gas and to create the optimal product portfolio will be introduced.