Sex Differences and Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Adaptation to Exercise

我的总体研究目标是了解运动如何影响心血管适应。为了实现这一目标，我的研究计划侧重于人类生理学，具体有三个目标。第一个目的是探索运动剂量对心脏和动脉结构变化的反应，以及这些适应如何相互作用以改变心血管性能。第二个目标是解决生理性别的作用，以及心血管适应是否在女性和男性之间有所不同。我研究的第三个目的是评估与心血管适应运动相关的生物标志物和基因型。我的科学方法包括使用生理压力源，改变心脏负荷（即剧烈运动或下体负压），这可以用来评估这些适应如何影响心脏表现。此外，我将启动纵向研究，跟踪运动诱导的适应，从开始（即开始承诺的运动训练）到自然发生的心血管发展。先进的超声心动图和心脏磁共振成像技术将用于记录心脏和动脉结构，以及对心脏力学的影响。将从血浆样品中提取生物标志物和DNA，并通过适当的免疫测定或定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）技术进行分析。通过进一步了解运动如何影响健康心脏的发育，我的研究项目的意义将是显而易见的。通过使用先进的成像技术和心室-血管相互作用的分析，本研究代表了研究人类心血管适应的新方法。

My overall research objective is to understand how exercise affects cardiovascular adaptation. To address this objective, my research program focuses on human physiology specific to three aims. The first aim explores the exercise dose response for cardiac and arterial structural changes, and how these adaptations interact to alter cardiovascular performance. The second aim addresses the role of biological sex, and whether cardiovascular adaptation differs between women and men. The third aim of my research evaluates biomarkers and genotypes associated with cardiovascular adaptation to exercise. My scientific approach involves the use of physiological stressors, which alter loading to the heart (i.e., strenuous exercise or lower body negative pressure), which can be used to assess how these adaptations influence cardiac performance. Further, I will initiate longitudinal studies tracking exercise-induced adaptation from the time of initiation (i.e., start of committed exercise training) relative to the cardiovascular development occurring naturally. Advanced echocardiographic and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging techniques will be used to document cardiac and arterial structure, and impact on cardiac mechanics. Biomarkers and DNA will be extracted from plasma samples and analyzed through appropriate immunoassay or quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) techniques. The significance of my research program will be apparent through developing a greater understanding of how exercise influences development in the healthy heart. Through the use of advanced imaging techniques and analysis of ventricular-vascular interactions, this research represents a novel approach to investigating cardiovascular adaptation in humans.