Design and Validation of a Platform to Measure Upper Extremity Functional Performance of Joints during Standard and Complex Tasks

手和手臂运动的多样性、复杂性和广泛性给生物力学评估带来了很大的挑战。同样，涉及手和上肢的活动也是非常多才多艺的，可以包括不同的工具、握手以及各种粗略和运动任务。这项研究计划的长期目标是开发一个全面的手和上肢生物力学模型，包括肌肉活动、骨骼运动学/运动路径和关节接触力学，可以用来检验现实世界环境对手和上肢机械性能的影响。建议的短期目标包括：1.确定躯干、肩部和肘部在稳定手和腕部方面的贡献。在复杂的任务中，身体作为一个整体运动，需要多个关节协调一致。最近对中风后手和手臂功能康复方案的研究表明，躯干对稳定手和手腕的运动有重要作用。然而，这个模型还没有被完全开发，并且没有包括肩部和肘部在功能过程中对稳定手和手腕的作用[1]。2.确定男性和女性之间与性别相关的生物力学差异研究一直在报道不同肌肉骨骼损伤的风险、损伤机制和疼痛感知方面的性别差异，但目前大多数骨骼和关节力学研究没有考虑性别，在该领域也不是测试男性和女性之间的相似或不同之处的传统。确定手和手臂功能稳定器对关节力学的影响与肌肉骨骼损伤或创伤相关的症状传统上源于关节本身。手和上肢的运动捕捉将与使用X射线计算机断层扫描(CT)获得的个人关节结构相结合，以检查大载荷(上肢)(肘部、肩部和躯干)对小骨(手和手腕的关节接触力学)的影响。目前研究手和上肢的生物力学研究没有将手和上肢作为一个复杂的多关节系统来研究，也没有全面地检查关节运动学、肌肉活动和关节接触力学。目前，人们在工作、休息和玩耍时对关节运动模式的了解有限。了解人们如何就地使用关节对于我们更好地理解基本的生物力学是至关重要的。建议的研究从宏观层面开始，对关节性能进行现场评估，最后对单个骨表面和关节相互作用进行详细的、特定于任务的描述。

The variety, complexity and range of hand and arm movements provides a big challenge to biomechanical assessment. As well, activities involving the hand and upper limb are extremely versatile and can include different tools, grips and various gross and motor tasks. The long-term objective of this program of research is to develop a comprehensive biomechanical model of the hand and upper limb that includes muscle activity, skeletal kinematics/motion pathways and joint contact mechanics that can be used to examine the effect of real world contexts on the mechanical performance of the hand and upper limb. The short-term objectives proposed include to:1. Determine the Contribution of the Trunk, Shoulder and Elbow in Stabilizing the Hand and WristThe body moves as a whole during complex tasks and requires multiple joints coordinating harmoniously. Recent studies examining rehabilitation programs for hand and arm function post stroke have suggested that the trunk contributes significantly to stabilizing motion of the hand and wrist. However, this model has not been fully developed and does not include the contribution the shoulder and elbow play in stabilizing the hand and wrist during function[1]. 2. Determine Sex-linked Biomechanical Differences between Men and WomenResearch has consistently reported differences in risk, injury mechanism and perception of pain between the sexes in various musculoskeletal injuries, but sex is not currently being considered in most studies of bone and joint mechanics and is not tradition in the field to test for similarities or differences between men and women.3. Determine the Impact of Stabilizers of Hand and Arm Function on Joint MechanicsSymptoms associated with musculoskeletal injury or trauma traditionally emanate from the joints themselves. Motion capture of the hand and upper limb will be combined with individual's joint structure obtained using x-ray computed tomography (CT) to examine the effects of large loads' (of the upper extremity) (elbow, shoulder and trunk) on small bones' (joint contact mechanics of the hand and wrist).Novelty and Expected Significance of the WorkCurrent biomechanical studies investigating the hand and upper limb do not examine the hand and upper limb as a complex system of multiple joints and do not examine joint kinematics, muscle activity and joint contact mechanics comprehensively. Currently, there is limited knowledge of joint movement patterns when people are at work, rest and play. Understanding how people use their joints in situ is critical to our increased understanding of basic biomechanics. The research proposed starts from the macro level with in situ assessment of joint performance and ends with a detailed, task specific description of individual bone surfaces and joint interactions.