Mixing and Waves in Coastal and Estuarine Flows

北美的人口正越来越多地向海岸迁移，在那里，我们与沿海沃茨的相互作用通过旅行、国防、工业和极端环境事件的影响而变得重要。随着海洋的动态变化，理解和管理这种相互作用至关重要，特别是在加拿大，海岸，海峡和五大湖无处不在。这项研究计划的长期目标是（一）提高河口，周边渠道和湖泊分层流动的理解和（二）开发模型来测量，并预测变化，流动特性，包括内部波动动力学，湍流和混合。流动特性，如波动，湍流和混合，将被考虑，特别是在内部液压跳跃和液压控制流。为了实现这些目标，提出了以下短期目标：（1）参数化内水跃中混合对横槽地形和地球自转等特性的依赖性;（2）确定胡德运河和伊利湖混合的位置和机制，在那里水属性的分布对生态系统有重大影响，通过进行模拟并将其与观测结果进行比较;（3）确定内部水力跃变引起沉积物输运的条件，并调整数值模型来模拟3D非静水流中的输运。通过与沿海水流相互作用的许多工程系统，其结果将用于造福加拿大社会和环境。这项研究将使用数值模拟和分析方法进行，并在可能的情况下与观测和实验数据进行比较。流动将在加拿大的计算集群上模拟，使用免费提供的纳维尔-斯托克斯解算器。模拟结果将用于开发非静力分层流现象，如内部水跃混合参数化。现有的代码，如区域海洋模拟系统（ROMS）将被扩展到解决非流体静力学流动，并用于确定如何水力跳跃运输沉积物。 这项工作将进一步的基本非流体静力学，分层流体动力学过程，包括内波，水跃，湍流的现有知识。还将研究更现实的水流，重点是加拿大海岸。一旦更好地了解流动物理学的发展，我将运用知识来改善潮汐能提取，生态和气候变化的社会影响，所有这些都对加拿大社会产生重大影响。参与研究的学生将开发适用于沿海物业风险评估行业的技能，在潮汐能开采等能源应用中，以及通过了解海上钻井领域的流动条件来开发石油天然气行业。

North America's population is increasingly moving toward the coasts, where our interaction with coastal waters is important through travel, defence, industry, and the impact of extreme environmental events. As the dynamics of the ocean change, understanding and managing this interaction is critical, particularly in Canada, where coasts, channels, and Great Lakes are ubiquitous. The long term goals of this research program are to (i) improve the understanding of stratified flows in estuaries, peripheral channels, and lakes and (ii) develop models to measure, and predict changes in, flow characteristics including internal wave dynamics, turbulence, and mixing. Flow characteristics, such as wave dynamics, turbulence, and mixing, will be considered, especially in internal hydraulic jumps and hydraulically controlled flows. To achieve these goals, the following short term objectives are proposed: (1) Parameterize the dependence of mixing on characteristics such as cross-channel topography and Earth's rotation, in internal hydraulic jumps; (2) Identify the locations and mechanisms of mixing in Hood Canal and Lake Erie, where the distribution of water properties has a significant effect on the ecosystem, by conducting simulations and comparing them to observations; (3) Determine the conditions under which internal hydraulic jumps cause sediment transport and adapt numerical models to simulate transport in 3D non-hydrostatic flows. Through the many engineering systems that interact with coastal flows, the results will then be applied to benefit both Canadian society and the environment. This research will be conducted using numerical simulation and analytical approaches, with comparisons made to observational and experimental data when possible. Flows will be simulated on Canada's computing cluster, using freely available Navier-Stokes solvers. Simulation results will be used to develop mixing parametrizations in non-hydrostatic stratified flow phenomena such as internal hydraulic jumps. An existing code such as Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) will be extended to solve non-hydrostatic flows and used to determine how hydraulic jumps transport sediment. This work will further the current knowledge of fundamental non-hydrostatic, stratified fluid dynamics processes including internal waves, hydraulic jumps, and turbulence. More realistic flows will also be studied, with a focus on Canadian coasts. Once a better understanding of the flow physics is developed, I will apply the knowledge to improving tidal energy extraction, ecology, and societal impacts of climate change, all of which have a significant impact on Canadian society. Students involved in the research will develop skills that are applicable to industry in risk assessment of coastal properties, in energy applications such as tidal energy extraction, and to the oil gas industry through an understanding of flow conditions in areas of off-shore drilling.