Prediction of Violent Rock Failure in Deep Underground by Rock Strain Energy

矿产资源约占该国出口的20%。然而，加拿大已知的大部分矿产资产将在未来十年内接近枯竭。为了维持加拿大矿产资源对国家经济业绩的贡献，该国迫切需要开发更多的优质资源；采矿活动应在3000米深以外进行。岩爆是地下岩石的剧烈和失控破坏，是对这一目标的主要威胁。冲击地压灾害是一个重大的矿山安全问题，严重制约着加拿大当前和未来矿山的经济生存能力。因此，它将对加拿大经济的未来产生直接和负面的影响。这个项目将增加我们对深部地下环境中岩石行为的了解。它将为深部高应力条件下岩石的突出行为提供更准确、更逼真的预测，从而为地下采矿作业提供更实用、更具成本效益的设计。建议的研究包括检查脆性岩石的行为，以研究它们在不同应力条件下的破坏行为。通过进行广泛和先进的实验研究，将建立一个关于不同岩石行为的数据库。这个独特而广泛的数据库随后将被用来开发菌株爆发倾向模型。在大量实验研究的基础上，将建立损伤模型，并将其转化为数值模型。该计划的具体目标是：a.开发一种实验方法来测量单调和循环加载下脆性岩石的破坏行为，以复制深部地面开采中的岩石破坏。B.开发了一个基于岩石中储存的应变能的应变爆发倾向性模型，作为一种简单的应变爆发脆弱性评估工具。该模型将通过使用真三轴测试压缩系统的应变突发测试来验证。建立了基于峰前峰后响应和高地应力作用下岩石破坏行为的损伤模型，考虑了各向异性和尺度效应。它将被实施到一个数值模型中，以模拟深部地下的应变爆发。该项目将为坚硬岩石的破坏过程以及岩石性质和应力状态如何影响导致应变爆发的岩石的整体力学行为提供新的基础知识。这一项目将减少地下矿山的伤亡。此外，该项目将为各国政府制定新的指导方针，以便制定更好的管理政策，从而使未来的深部采矿活动更加安全。12名HQP(博士3人，硕士4人，本科生5人)。(学生)培训将满足对这些专题专家的大量需求，这些专家将被招聘为地球工程和采矿专业人员。

Mineral resources constitute approximately 20% of the nation's exports. However, most of Canada's known mineral assets will be nearly exhausted within the next decade. To sustain the contribution of Canada's mineral resources to the national economic performance, the nation urgently needs additional high-quality resources to be developed; mining activities should take place beyond a 3,000-meter depth. Rock bursting, which is a violent and uncontrolled failure of rocks underground, is a major threat to this goal. Rock burst hazards are a significant mine safety issue and are a severe constraint on the economic viability of current and future Canadian mines.Therefore, it will have a direct and negative impact on the future of Canada's economy. This project will increase our knowledge of rock behaviors in deep underground environments. It will provide a more accurate and realistic prediction of bursting behaviors of rocks in the high-stress condition in the deep ground so that a more practical and cost-effective design of underground mining operation can be achieved. The proposed research involves examining the behavior of brittle rocks to investigate their failure behaviors under different stress conditions. By undertaking an extensive and advanced experimental study a database on behavior of different rocks will be generated. This unique and broad database will then be used to develop a strain burst proneness model. Based on the extensive experimental study, a damage model will be developed and implemented into a numerical model. The specific aims of the proposed program are to: a.Develop an experimental methodology to measure the failure behavior of brittle rocks subjected to monotonic and cyclic loading to replicate rock failure in deep ground mining. b.Develop a strain burst proneness model based on stored strain energy in rock to be used as a simple strain burst vulnerability assessment tool. This model will be validated by strain burst tests using a true-triaxial testing compression system. c.Develop a damage model based on pre-peak and post-peak responses and the failure behavior of rocks under high in-situ stress, taking into account anisotropy and scale effect. It will be implemented into a numerical model to simulate strain burst in deep ground. This project will provide new, fundamental knowledge concerning the damage process of hard rocks and how the rock nature and stress regimes influence the overall mechanical behavior of rocks leading to strain burst. This project will lead to fewer injuries and fatalities in underground mines. Furthermore, the project will allow the development of the new guidelines for governments, allowing better management policies to be developed so that future deep mining activities will be much safer. The 12 HQP (3 PhD, 4 MSc, and 5 Undergrad. Students) trained will address the substantial demand for experts in these topics to be recruited as geoengineering and mining professionals.