Atmospheres and Climates of Exoplanets

热木星和类地系外行星是可以研究的最有趣的太阳系外行星之一。在接下来的5-10年里，包括TESS、SPIRU-NIRPS、JWST和ELTS在内的观测工作将极大地提高可用于表征其性质、大气和气候的数据的数量和质量。这带来了新的和重要的建模机会，以完善我们对这些行星的理解。最近，磁感应机制的预测得到了观测证实，这使得欧姆耗散和磁阻力很可能是热木星半径膨胀现象的原因。作为这一解决方案的主要设计师，我建议领导一项努力，完善热木星中的磁感应模型，以便将其用作量化工具，更好地了解这些行星作为人口的结构和演化。我还将继续进行一项旨在阐明高温木星大气中湍流垂直输送的作用和规模的计划。总而言之，这将阐明形成的情景，并直接影响我们对这类行星的大气可观测性的理解。在附近恒星周围寻找类似地球的宜居行星，以便利用JWST或ELTS进行后续表征，是当今系外行星科学的关键驱动因素。我的小组在类地系外行星上可能存在的气候多样性方面做出了重要贡献，特别是受全球气候周期或宜居雪球状态影响的寒冷宜居世界。我将继续探索宜居气候的丰富参数空间，主要目标是：提供解释未来发现所需的广泛背景。这将通过一种合理的正演模拟策略来实现：将使用对模型气候的模拟观测来了解从天文学家在未来十年及以后可获得的有限观测约束条件中可以可靠地推断出复杂气候系统的哪些方面。

Hot Jupiters and Earth-like exoplanets are among the most interesting extrasolar planets amenable to study. Over the next 5-10 years, observational efforts including TESS, SPiROU-NIRPS, JWST and ELTs will dramatically improve the quantity and the quality of the data available to characterize their properties, atmospheres and climates. This brings new and significant modelling opportunities to refine our understanding of these planets. Recently, predictions from the magnetic induction mechanism have been observationally confirmed, making it likely that ohmic dissipation and magnetic drag are responsible for the radius inflation phenomenon in hot Jupiters. As a principal architect of this solution, I propose to lead an effort to refine models of magnetic induction in hot Jupiters so that it can be used as quantitative tool to better understand the structure and evolution of these planets as a population. I will also pursue a program aimed at clarifying the role and magnitude of turbulent vertical transport in hot Jupiter atmospheres. Together, this will illuminate formation scenarios and directly impact our understanding of atmospheric observables for this class of planets. Finding Earth-like habitable planets around nearby stars for follow-up characterization with JWST or ELTs is a key driver of exoplanetary science today. My group has made important contributions regarding the diversity of climates possible on Earth-like exoplanets, in particular cold habitable worlds subject to global climate cycles or habitable snowball states. I will continue to explore the rich parameter space of habitable climate with one major goal: provide the broad context needed to interpret future discoveries. This will be achieved through a well-posed forward-modelling strategy: simulated observations of model climates will be used to understand which aspects of a complex climate system can be reliably inferred from the limited set of observational constraints available to astronomers over the next decade and beyond.