基于垂直观测的大气气溶胶对青藏高原雪冰消融的影响研究

高寒地区大气气溶胶在全球大气辐射平衡中具有复杂并且重要的角色。青藏高原自身人类活动极为微弱，受季风和西风环流的影响，高原毗邻地区大气气溶胶及其沉降对青藏高原冰冻圈环境产生影响。本项目以气溶胶的地面观测、卫星遥感观测及反演为基础，通过对气溶胶的系统监测和吸光性组分（黑碳、粉尘、有机碳等）的实验测试，结合全球气溶胶-气候模型（CAM5）与同位素指纹特征，1）拟分析青藏高原碳质气溶胶的时空格局、吸光性、来源和传输路径，以及不同源区的贡献比例；2）将利用CALIPSO卫星监测的气溶胶资料，揭示南亚-青藏高原对流层气溶胶层的立体结构、光学特性、年际变化、形成原因；3）深入分析气溶胶的辐射效应和冰川表面反照率的变化，揭示气溶胶影响青藏高原雪冰消融的过程和机理。该项目的顺利开展为研究气溶胶的辐射效应和气溶胶对冰冻圈变化的影响提供科学依据，为减小气候变化数值模拟和预测的不确定性奠定基础。

Atmospheric aerosols in cold and arid regions play complex and important roles in global atmospheric radiation balance. Anthropogenic activities on the Tibetan Plateau are extremely weak. Under the influences of monsoon and westerly circulation, atmospheric aerosols from adjacent areas of the Tibetan Plateau and their deposition influences the cryospheric environments of the Tibetan Plateau. This project is based on long-term ground observation of aerosols, satellite remote sensing and inversion of aerosol dataset, through systematic detection of aerosols and measurement of light absorbing components (black carbon, dust, organic carbon, etc.) in aerosols, as well as combining with global aerosol-climate model (CAM5) and isotopic fingerprint features, (1) to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution, light absorption, sources and transport pathways of aerosols. (2) Using aerosol dataset detected by the CALIPSO satellite to reveal three-dimensional structures, optical properties, inter-annual variations, and formation mechanism of the tropospheric aerosols. (3) Based on the atmospheric radiative transfer model (ARTM) and energy balance model of light-absorbing impurities, to simulate the radiative forcing of aerosols, revealing the processes and mechanisms of snow and glacier melting over the Tibetan Plateau affected by the aerosols. The successful implementation of this project will provide a scientific evidence for better understanding the radiative effects of aerosols and their influences on cryospheric change, it also lays a foundation for decreasing the uncertainties of climate modelling and prediction.