面向中国空间站光学巡天的引力透镜观测模拟及应用测试

引力透镜效应直接反应了宇宙中的物质分布，是探测暗物质、暗能量的有效探针，是国际上目前以及下一代大面积巡天的主要科学目标之一。我国科研人员在相关领域已开展了多方面的研究，从PSF测量，剪切信号测量，到宇宙学分析，具有扎实的科研积累，并且形成了有效的合作团队。但由于我国目前尚缺乏相关观测数据，目前的研究多基于国外的已发表数据。.中国空间光学巡天望远镜以其大视场、多波段光学巡天的能力以及稳定优质的像质，将观测到海量的优质数据。弱引力透镜是巡天的最主要的科学目标，众多周知，弱引力透镜观测极具挑战性，为了巡天研究的成功，需要大量的前期研究。为了做好准备，本计划书面向该望远镜，致力于引力透镜研究，拟开展以下几个方面研究；1）望远镜观测图像模拟；2）引力透镜光线追踪模拟；3）结合1，2产生海量模拟数据，发展快速引力透镜信号提取软件；4）相关科学应用及评估：星系内禀指向相关性及宇宙学参数限制能力等。

Gravitational lensing is a powerful probe to detect the mass distribution in our Universe. The lensing efficiency also relies on the angular diameter distance, which in turn depends on the matter/energy content of the Universe. Therefore it has been one of the main scientific objects of several ongoing and next-generation surveys. Having done extensive studies, from PSF measurements, shear measurements, to weak lensing cosmological analyses, Chinese scientists in the field have formed an excellent team to work closely together. On the other hand, due to the lack of our own observational facilities, most of our studies rely on data from other international facilities, either through scientific collaborations, or using publicly released data...The Chinese Space Station-Optical Survey (CSS-OS) is a planned project, with one of the key goals to conduct large field-of-view, multi-band and high resolution imaging observations over nearly 17000 deg^2. Weak lensing studies are the main driver for the CSS-OS survey. However, it is known that weak lensing observations are extremely challenging. Tremendous efforts are urgently needed prior to the launch of the CSS-OS. Toward that, in this application, we propose to conduct studies including 1) imaging simulations taking into account realistic observational and instrumental conditions as much as possible; 2) cosmological ray-tracing simulations; 3) generate mock data for weak lensing pipeline developments and testing; 4) weak lensing cosmological studies, including intrinsic alignments of galaxies, the constraints on cosmological parameters and etc.