丛枝菌根真菌影响植物根系构型的细胞与分子机制

植物的根系构型是根系的重要特征，与植物的生产力直接相关。根系构型受到许多环境因子的影响，包括土壤中与植物根系共生的丛枝菌根（AM）真菌。尽管AM真菌能够调控植物根系构型的结论得到大多数研究的证实，但是其调控的模式因植物的不同而存在差异，而导致差异的机制目前尚不清楚。侧根的形成是影响根系构型的关键因子，生长素和细胞分裂素等植物激素的信号途径是根系构型变化的决定性因子，细胞骨架在根的形态发生中可能起着重要的调控作用。因此，本项目将以侧根的形成为研究的突破点，通过研究AM真菌侵染过程中根系细胞骨架的动态、生长素和细胞分裂素等信号途径相关基因的表达变化等，分析其与侧根形成的时空关系、因果关系，在细胞和分子水平上阐明AM真菌影响根系构型的本质，总结出可能存在的几种影响模式。本项目的研究结果将有助于深入理解植物-微生物的共生互作关系，并指导AM真菌的实际应用。

Plant root architecture is one of the important traits of root system, directly relating to the plant productivity. Root architecture is affetced by various enviorenmental factors, including arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in symbiosis with plant roots in soils. It is confirmed by most studies that AM fungi can modify the plant root architecture, however, the mechanisms underlying it is presently unclear because AM fungi differentially modify the root architecture of plants depending on species. Lateral root formation (LRF) is the key factor affecting root architecture, while phytohormone (e.g. auxin and cytokinin) signalings are the determining factor. Furthermore, cellular skeleton plays an important regulation role in the root morphogenesis. In this context, the present study will take LRF as breaking point to investigate the dynamic of root cellular skeleton, auxin and cytokinin signaling related gene expressions during AM fungal colonization, to analyze the temporal-spacial and causal relationships between LRF and these processes, to elucidate the celluar and molecular mechanisms responsible for AM fungal influence on root architecture, and finally to summarize several possible influencing models. The results will contribute to a deep understanding of plant-microbe symbiotic interaction, as well as to the pratical application of AM fungi.