喀斯特山区野生毛葡萄叶片水分转运特征及AQPs对干旱胁迫的应答

贵州喀斯特山区农业生态环境脆弱，干旱已成为该区域农业发展的限制因素。但该地区野生葡萄资源丰富，抗旱性强，长期的喀斯特生态环境适应中形成了独特的抗旱机制。对喀斯特原产极抗旱野生葡萄叶片水分转导的机理进行深入研究，掌握干旱条件下抗旱葡萄资源的叶片水分转导及气孔水分蒸腾规律，探索水通道蛋白在叶片水分运输中的作用，阐明喀斯特原产野生抗旱毛葡萄水分运输的生理及分子机制，可为葡萄抗旱分子育种提供材料基础和科学依据。项目拟从以下4方面进行研究：1）叶片水势及水力特征的季节及日变化规律；2）干旱及复水对叶片水势、水力结构及水通道蛋白基因表达的影响；3）干旱及复水条件下叶片水分运输途径的变化（水通道蛋白抑制剂和荧光染色法）。项目的开展，不仅为葡萄的抗旱节水栽培提供理论支撑，也有利于阐述喀斯特生境原产抗旱植物的水分高效利用机制及其抗旱机理。

Drought stress is one of the most important factors limiting the agricultural development in karst region of Guizhou province, southwestern China, where the agro-ecological environment is very fragile. However, in this region, the wild grape germplasm resources are very abundant and have high drought-resistance, and have developed a unique drought resistant mechanism due to long-term adaptation to karst ecological environment. Studying the wild grape water transport characteristics, finding the law of the water transport and stomatal transpiration, exploring the role of aquaporins in the leaf water transport under the drought conditions and clarifying the physiological and molecular mechanisms of drought- resistance of native karst Vitis can provide material and scientific basis for breeding new drought-resistant cultivar using molecular methods. The project will carry out the following research: 1) studying the seasonal and diurnal variation of leaf water potential and hydraulic characteristics; 2) the effect of drought and re-watering on leaf water potential, hydraulic characteristics and APQs gene expression; 3) the changing of water transport pathways under drought and rehydration conditions using APQs inhibitors and fluorescence staining methods. The project will not only provide strong theoretical support for the grape cultivation of drought-resistance and water conservation, but also be benefit to elaborate the water efficient use and drought-resistance mechanism of the other plant species in karst habitats.