基于力学性能、能量和钝感协同控制的W-PTFE-Al新型撞击反应结构材料的若干基础问题研究

金属/氟聚合物是一种新型“含能结构材料”，通常情况下呈现惰性，仅在高速撞击条件下，会发生爆炸并释放出大量的化学能，被国际上称为“撞击反应材料”，是一种重要的结构功能一体化新型战斗部材料，未来在国防领域有广阔的应用前景。本项目拟开发一种W-PTFE-Al系新型撞击反应材料，该材料具有更高的密度和优异的力学性能，其反应能量可达到TNT的6倍。目前，对于该类材料反应机理以及材料力学性能、钝感特性和能量等关键性能的影响因素研究欠缺，制约了材料的设计与研发。本项目旨在揭示W-PTFE-Al材料的冲击反应机理与反应的动力学条件，阐明成分、相尺寸与分布特征以及相界面特征对材料能量、钝感和力学性能的影响规律，在此基础上设计2-3种W-PTFE-Al材料，并实现材料的钝感可控制备与表征，为制备出兼具高密度、良好力学性能、高能量和钝感可控的新型撞击反应材料奠定理论和实验基础。

Fluorine polymer/metal composite mixture is a special category of “energetic structure composites” consisting of two or more non-explosive solid materials. Normally, Fluorine polymer/metal composite is inert material, but under high speed impact loading it will explode and release a large amount of chemical energy, thus it is also called as “impact reactive materials”. Due to the special impact reaction properties, Fluorine polymer/metal composites become an important functional structure material of warhead, and have broad application prospects in the field of military industry. In this research, a new kind of W-PTFE-Al impact reactive materials with high densities and good mechanical is proposed and investigated, which has a high reaction energy value of about 6 times of TNT. However, the influential factors to reaction mechanisms, mechanical properties, reaction energy and explosive sensitivity of materials are still not clear, and that severely restrict the design and preparation of materials. The present research is aims at revealing dynamics conditions of reaction and the effects of composition, phase size, phase distribution feature and interfacial feature on properties including reaction mechanisms, mechanical properties, reaction energy and explosive sensitivity of W-PTFE-Al materials, and then design and prepares 2-3 kinds of W-PTFE-Al reactive composites. Another purpose of this research is to establish the control method for sensitivity of explosive of W-PTFE-Al. Above works will provide theoretical and technical foundation for the preparation of W-PTFE-Al materials with high densities, good mechanical properties, high reaction energy and controllable sensitivity of explosive.