生活源包装塑料废弃物的产生特征、环境影响和消减策略

塑料是生活和生产中必不可少的基础材料，但持续快速增长的生产和废弃已造成严重的资源浪费和环境污染。包装塑料由于种类多、用量大、回收难、污染重，已成为塑料污染治理的重点和难点。本项目将以薄膜、购物袋等生活用包装塑料为对象，开展如下研究：1）在全国尺度，利用物质流分析方法追踪包装塑料生产、使用、废弃、循环及最终处置全生命周期的存量与流量，建立塑料生命周期循环代谢的数据库；2）针对典型城市，通过实地调研揭示生活源包装塑料废弃物的产生与排放特征、回收路径和处置模式，建立模拟分析包装塑料城市代谢的方法体系；3）利用生命周期评价方法，量化对比不同材质包装塑料废弃物的各种回收与处置路径的环境影响；4）构建消减包装塑料废弃物的策略清单与政策情景组合，评估不同策略消减废弃物排放和减少环境影响的潜力，识别关键策略与优先情景组合。本项目的研究成果将为我国塑料污染治理提供重要的数据基础和决策依据。

Plastics are basic materials vital to modern society. However, the continuously rapid growth of production, consumption, and discard of plastics have resulted in substantial waste of energy and resources and caused severe environmental pollutions. Packaging is the biggest application of plastics and can be divided into consumer packaging use and industrial packaging use. Among them, the consumer packaging plastics (CPPs) have now become the key object of policy making in controlling plastic pollution, because CPPs have the biggest amount of annual consumption in all plastic applications, are difficult to collect and recycle, and may cause severe environmental damages...This project will focus on CPPs and try to achieve the following goals: (1) build a material flow analysis (MFA) model to quantitatively characterize the whole life cycle of CPPs from production through to consumption, discard, recycle, and final disposal, and to quantify the generation and emission of CPPs waste in mainland China during 2000-2040; (2) explore the features of and the drivers to the CPPs waste generation and emission, and determine the routes of CPPs waste collection, recycling, and final disposal in typical cities including Xiamen, Xi’an, Dalian, and Chengdu, by fieldwork, questionnaire investigation, and bottom-up accounting; (3) quantify the environmental impacts and risks of the various routes for CPPs end-of-life recycling and disposal by building a life cycle assessment model and inventory database; and (4) identify a list of strategies for reducing the generation and emission of CPPs waste, and simulate the impacts of each of them for waste reduction, recycling promotion, and environmental impacts mitigation. The results of this project will provide important database and help decision-making for reducing emission and controlling pollution of plastics in China.