白星花金龟幼虫转化玉米秸秆形成腐殖酸的机制研究

本项目立足于我国目前秸秆肥料化利用这一产业需求，跳出还田腐解、堆肥发酵等常规秸秆处理思路，着眼于生态系统中土栖昆虫区系在高效转化植物残体方面的优势开展研究。在前期发现白星花金龟（Protaetia brevitarsis, PB）幼虫可高效转化秸秆形成腐殖酸的基础上，本项目拟以“PB幼虫-玉米秸秆”为研究模型，开展PB幼虫转化玉米秸秆形成腐殖酸的机制研究，主要内容包括：1、在完成PB基因组测序、获得肠道宏基因组数据的基础上，构建PB幼虫肠道可能的酶学催化通路；2、分析秸秆主要成分（纤维素、半纤维素以及木质素）在PB幼虫肠道中的降解过程；3、分析PB幼虫肠道各部分内含物腐殖酸含量、元素组成、结构特征；4、验证关键消化酶功能。综合上述数据揭示PB幼虫转化秸秆形成腐殖酸的机制。本项目研究成果不仅可以丰富腐殖酸形成的机制模型，还可以为这种秸秆肥料化利用新技术的进一步改进与应用提供理论指导。

This project is based on the current demand for straw fertilizer utilization in China, jump out of the conventional straw treatment ideas such as returning to the field and composting, focusing on the advantages of soil-dwelling insect fauna in the ecosystem in the efficient transformation of plant residues. On the basis of the early discovery that the Protaetia brevitarsis (PB) larvae can efficiently transform straw to form humic acid, the project intends to use " PB larvae - corn stalk" as the research model，investigate the mechanism of PB larvae transforming corn stalks and forming humic acid. the investigation including: 1st, based on the completion of PB genome sequencing and obtaining gut metagenomic data, construct the possible enzymatic catalytic pathways in gut of PB larvae; 2nd, analyze the degradation process of the main components of corn stalk (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) in the gut of PB larvae; 3rd, analyze humic acid content, element composition, structural characteristics in different parts of the larvae; 4th, verify biological activity of key digestive enzymes. Then, we combine the above data and reveal the mechanism of larvae transforming straw and forming humic acid. The research results of this project not only enrich the mechanism model of humic acid formation, but also provide theoretical guidance for further improvement of the new straw fertilizer application technology.