玉米单倍体诱导生物学机制研究

作物育种是农业中生产的重要内容。纯系的选育是作物育种中最重要的环节。传统上一般通过连续自交或回交育成纯系，通常需要7-8代。然而利用单倍体育种方法能够通过诱导和加倍2代即可获得双单倍体纯系，因此在育种上具有巨大的优势。在主要农作物中，玉米双单倍体育种较为成熟。玉米的单倍体依赖诱导系诱导获得，随着诱导基因的克隆及其他作物中同源基因的功能验证，单倍体诱导方法已经成为作物育种中的关键共性技术。然而截至目前，玉米单倍体诱导的生物学机制尚未得到很好的解释。本研究前期克隆的两个关键诱导基因为基础，拟针对单倍体诱导过程中所表现出的花粉竞争能力低和高频的败育籽粒展开研究，利用近等基因系材料和荧光标记株系，研究花粉管生长速率、延伸向导、及雌雄配子融合的过程；通过分子标记和测序的方法，研究败育籽粒的基因组以及规律。拟通过上述研究，揭示玉米单倍体形成的根本原因。

Plant breeding is one of the important aspects in agricultural. The production of homozygous lines is core procedure in crop breeding. Traditionally, to obtain a homozygous line usually needs 7-8 self-pollination/ backcross generations. In contrast, doubled haploid method could achieve homozygous DH lines in only two generations. Obviously, great advantage exists for the application of DH in crop breeding. High-efficient DH breeding method has been established in maize and could be further extended to crop species like rice and wheat. Nevertheless, the biological mechanism of haploid induction has not been well illustrated. This study will focus on the typical biological characters, the low pollen competition ability and huge number of defected kernels, rather than haploids, to achieve deep understanding of biological mechanism of haploid induction. First, near inbred lines and fluorescent marker lines will be used to study the growth rate, direction of pollen tube from inducers. Second, we will use molecular markers and whole genome re-sequence to study the genome level abnormality of aborted embryos and endosperms. This study will provide critical biological evidences to illuminate the biological mechanism of haploid induction.