中国式政府间环境事权划分研究

科学划分政府间环境事权是破解中国式经济增长与环境污染困境的重要制度设计，也是健全现代财政制度的重要内容。但长期以来，中国财政体制改革和研究重点在于财权财力划分上，而对更为重要的事权划分改革和相关研究则滞后得多。国际上关于环境联邦主义的理论和实证研究并没有得到一致的结论，各国实践也是在集权与分权之间摇摆不定。本项目力图弥补现有研究的不足，基于中国式分权体制，在深入认识中国式环境事权划分的历史演变基础上，结合环境事权的特征，研究以下关键科学问题：一是地方性环境事权的划分问题；二是跨界环境事权的划分问题；三是与科学的环境事权划分激励相容的相关制度（财政激励、政治激励和公众监督制度）建设问题；四是改革路径选择问题（分权基础上的集权还是集权基础上的分权）。本项目拟利用理论模型、丰富的实证研究和国际比较分析，在解决上述四个研究问题基础上，为当前及未来中国式环境事权划分改革提供科学的理论参考。

The scientific allocation of environmental authority across levels of government is an important institutional design to resolve the dilemma of economic growth and environmental pollution in China, which is also an important part of perfecting the modern fiscal system. However, for a long time, Chinese fiscal reform and related researches have focused on the division of fiscal power and resources across levels of government, and the more important question of allocation of authority is lagged behind. Internationally, the theoretical and empirical researches on environmental federalism haven’t come to a consistent conclusion, and many countries exhibited considerable ambivalence between centralization and decentralization. To improve the existing researches, basing on the Chinese decentralized system, the project investigates the evolution of allocating environmental authority. Then the project explores four scientific questions: the first one is about allocation of local environmental authority, the second is about allocation of transboundary environmental authority, and the third is about some important systems which are incentive-compatible with scientific allocation of environmental authority, such as fiscal incentive system, political incentive system and public-scrutiny system, and the fourth focuses on reform path selection. The project intends to use theoretical models, empirical methods and international comparative method, solve the four questions, and provide scientific theoretical references for the future reform of allocating environmental authority in China.