基于犯罪预防的城市街道空间环境要素甄别及影响机制研究

街道作为城市公共空间的核心构成部分，其中的犯罪问题对城市公共安全有着重要影响。但是当前国内街道空间的规划设计以及相关政策导引，一直缺乏针对我国实际状况的犯罪预防理论指导。本课题选取上海市浦东新区和苏州市为研究区域，从宏、微观两个空间层面以及不同行为主体的视角，依据官方犯罪统计数据和环境调查数据，采用空间分析、统计分析等方法，揭示街道空间犯罪分布的时空特征；在此基础上选取典型街道样本，采用质性研究、调查统计及微观仿真模型等方法，深度访谈各类行为主体，调查街道空间环境特征，甄别街道空间影响犯罪的环境要素体系，并探究其影响机制；结合街道空间规划与设计的内容、规范、程序和相关社会管理策略，建构街道空间预防犯罪的环境设计内容与方法，形成基于犯罪预防的街道空间环境设计导则。本研究可为我国城市街道空间的设计、更新、改造等方面提供科学指引，提高街道空间的安全性，丰富和发展当前的街道空间规划设计理论。

As the basic and key component of urban public space, the crime problem of streets has important influence on urban safety. But in China the planning, design and policy of urban streets are executed without proper guidance of crime prevention theories suiting Chinese actual situation. Pudong New Area in Shanghai and Suzhou City are selected as research cases. Based on the official crime data provided by the police and environmental data from surveying, the research is developed from the macro and micro spatial level and from the perspective of different behavioral subjects. First, spatio-temporal patterns of crime in urban streets are revealed by using spatial analysis and statistical analysis. Then, typical street samples are selected. Using qualitative research, statistics and simulation model, different types of behavioral subject are interviewed, environmental characteristics of urban streets are investigated, the system of environmental factors influencing crime prevention in urban streets is concluded and the influence mechanism is detected. Finally, integrating the contents, standards and procedures of urban street design and relevant social management strategies comprehensively, the contents and methods of urban street design for crime prevention are constructed and the design guideline is formulated. This project will provide scientific guidance for the design, renewal and reconstruction of urban streets, improve the security of urban streets, and enrich and develop current theories of urban street planning and design in China.