锂离子的高效提取技术及其在高性能锂离子电池上的应用

针对我国盐湖锂资源提取及应用所面临的关键问题，本项目拟开发适用于低品位盐湖卤水的低溶损、长循环寿命的锰系锂离子筛，实现锂离子的高效提取和含锂产品的宏量制备。其次，以提取的含锂产品为助剂，以动物骨为前驱体，实现高性能、低成本的骨炭储锂负极材料的可控制备。利用原位热分析法探究锂离子筛和骨炭的形成机制，借助先进的原位/非原位表征方法和热力学/动力学理论模拟手段，探究锂离子筛和骨炭负极材料的结构组成与提锂和储锂性能之间的构效关系，揭示二者的提锂和储锂机制。最后，以锂离子筛的中间产物锰酸锂为正极材料，与骨炭负极材料组装锂离子全电池并评估其实用性能，改善全电池应用中的潜在问题，实现高能量密度、高功率密度和长循环寿命的锂离子电池的组建。该项目的顺利实施将为锂离子的高效提取、高性能锂离子电池关键材料的宏量制备及应用提供理论基础和关键技术，并有望助力与解决青海地区循环经济发展和民生问题。

Aiming at the key problems in the extraction and applications of salt-lake lithium resources in China, it is proposed here that one can develop manganese lithium-ion sieves with low solution loss and long cycle life for low-grade salt-lake brine, thus realizing the high-efficiency extraction of lithium ions and scale-up synthesis of lithium-containing products. In addition, high-performance and low-cost bone-derived carbon anodes for lithium-ion storage will be controllably prepared using the lithium-containing products and animal bones as auxiliaries and precursors, respectively. The formation mechanisms of the sieves and bone-derived carbons will be explored by in-situ thermoanalysis method. Moreover, the structure-performance relationships of lithium-ion sieves and bone-derived carbon anodes will be detailly investigated by virtue of advanced in-situ/ex-situ characterization and thermodynamic/kinetic simulation methods. The lithium-ion extraction and storage mechanisms of the sieves and anodes will also be analyzed and determined. Finally, lithium-ion batteries will be assembled using lithium manganate cathode (intermediate product of the sieve) and bone-derived carbon anodes. The full-cell performance will be evaluated and improved by solving the potential problems in the assembly and evaluation processes, thus realizing the construction of lithium-ion batteries with high energy density, high power density, and long cycle life. The smooth implementation of this project will provide theoretical basics and key technologies for high-efficiency lithium-ion extraction as well as the large-scale preparation and applications of key materials for high-performance lithium-ion batteries. Also, it will be expected to stimulate circular economy developments and solve livelihood problems in Qinghai.