小麦广谱抗白粉病基因Pm37的精细定位、克隆及标记辅助育种

白粉病是小麦生产上的主要病害之一，利用抗病性是防控小麦白粉病最经济、有效的措施。克隆小麦抗白粉病关键R基因对其抗病机制解析及合理育种利用具有重要意义。Pm37是源于提莫菲维小麦的一个广谱抗白粉病基因，对已鉴定的120个不同地区的小麦白粉病菌株均表现免疫。本项目拟依次利用普通杂交群体、抗病野生型与感病突变体的杂交群体，精细定位Pm37。进一步利用大样本独立突变体的外显子测序，分析精细定位区间内的共性突变，锁定Pm37的候选基因，进行基因沉默和转基因的功能验证，克隆Pm37，并分析Pm37在小麦族不同种属中的变异规律与进化特征。然后，开发Pm37的功能KASP标记，对本课题组已构建的大量Pm37的育种群体进行高效选育，系统评价Pm37的育种价值，建立高效、合理的分子育种体系。本项目的开展不但为广谱抗白粉病机制的解析奠定基础，也将促进小麦抗病分子育种的产业化进程，是我国小麦遗传改良发展的新方向。

Powdery mildew is the one of the main diseases in wheat production. Host resistance is the economical and effective means to control this disease. Cloning the key R gene conferring powdery mildew resistance is of great significance for resistant mechanism dissection and its rational breeding utilization. Pm37 is a broad-spectrum powdery mildew resistance gene derived from Triticum timopheevii, and is immune to all the 120 tested Bgt isolates from different regions of China. In this study, fine mapping of Pm37 will be carried out using populations of Pm37 donor × susceptible cultivars and Pm37 donor × the susceptible mutants in sequence. Combined with analysis of independent mutation in the fine mapping interval using exome sequencing on large samples of mutant, key candidate genes will be targeted and carried out functional validation to identify the Pm37 gene by gene silencing and stable transformation. Pm37 homologous genes in Triticeae will be further analyzed to uncover its variant and evolutionary pattern in different species. Then, functional KASP markers of Pm37 will be developed for efficiently screening the breeding populations and select new resistance breeding lines. And on this basis, we will systematically evaluate the breeding value of Pm37, and establish its efficient and rational molecular breeding system. Therefore, this study can not only lay the foundation of broad-spectrum resistance mechanism dissection but also accelerate the industrialization progress of the resistance gene, which is the new direction of our country’s wheat improvement in the future.